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Period: 1491 to
Period 1/2:1491-1763
Native America, European Exploration, Colonization -
The Lost Colony
A failed colony on the coast of modern-day North Carolina, it was one of the earliest English colonies. It failed when John Smith goes back to England to get supplies. No one knows what happened to the colony. -
Jamestown
The first successful Englis colony in the future United States and was settled in Virginia. -
Creation of the House of Brugesses
Set up Virginia by Govoner George Yeardley, it created a legislative assembly for the Virginia colony. It was the first legislative assembly in the American colonies. -
Plymouth
The first settlement created in Massachusetts. It was founded by a Seprastit religious group called the Puritans which sought to create a pure society. -
New England Confederation
A confederation created in New England to defend against Natives. It was between the colonies of Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Saybrook, and New Haven. -
Maryland Toleration Act
This was passed in Maryland and said if you do not believe in God, the Holy Spirit, and Jesus you lose your life. Christianity is protected but any other religion is not tolerated. Was put in place to protect Catholics. -
Bacon's Rebellion
In the Virginia colony, there were lots of rebellions because the political power was in a small circle. Nathaniel Bacon led rebels and reset the House of Burgesses and reforms were set in place. -
King Phillip's War
Conflict over land ownership in New England because some natives will not give up their land. The chief of these tribes was Chief Metacom who accumulated debt from buying clothes from the colonists and his people go and start to raid settlements. The colonist wins and beheads Chief Metacom. -
French and Indian War Begins
The war began in the colonies when British settlers started to settle on French land. -
End of Salutary Neglect
Before the French and Indian War England had the policy of salutary neglect which England left the colonies alone as long as they made money. It ended due to the debt that England accumulated from fighting against France. -
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Period 3: 1763-1800
American Revolution, the Confederal Era, and the Early Federal Period -
The Stamp Act of 1765
Tax on 50 commonly used goods such as paper which included anything that required paper. One of the first times the colonists came together to revolt against the British taxes, led to the creation of the Sons of Liberty. -
Stamp Act Congress
It met to protest the Stamp Act, they believed that only colonial representation could tax the colonists, not Parliament. It was the first major meeting of delegates from other colonies that together voiced there concerns to Parliament. -
Townshend Acts
A group of acts passed by Parliament that taxed paper, paint, lead, and tea. It also set up an American Customs board in Boston to collect taxes and set up courts in the colonies to prosecute smugglers without a local jury. -
Boston Massacre
British soldiers fired on a crowd of protestors I Boston. It killed 4 colonists and the colonists used it as propaganda to spread their message and get more people on their side to revolt against the British. -
First Continental Congress
It formed in response to the Coercive Acts, every colony but Georgia sent a representative. Its goal was to have grievances readdressed and favored a boycott. They did not want independence but to go back to salutary neglect. -
Second Continental Congress
There were representatives from all 13 colonies and they decided to declare independence from England after England rejected the Olive Branch Petition. They made George Washington the commander in chief of the Second Continental army. Declaration of Independence is written, signed, and sent to King George III. -
Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson, it laid out why the colonists were rebelling and why they are now sovereign. It was signed by representatives from all 13 colonies and broke them away from England. It was sent to King George III. Copies of it were widely sent to the public to read -
The Articles of Confederation
The first govenring sytem of the United States which created a wake central government and each state had one equal vote in the national government. The only way to amend the Articles was if approval was unanimous. The National government could borrow and ask for money but could not inforce. Abolished 1789. -
Battle of Yorktown
The last major battle in the American Revolutionary War where the British surrendered to the Continental Army led by George Washington and a Fench fleet led by Comte de Grasse. Even though some battles happened after due to the word of the British defeat did not reach some of the armies this was the last battle. -
Treaty of Paris
It ended the American Revolutionary War and established the borders for the new United States. The British recognized the United States as an independent country. -
Shays' Rebellion
An armed uprising in Western Massachusetts led by Daniel Shay because Massachusetts increased taxes. Massachusetts called on Federal government and other states to help but the Federal government had little power. Showed how weak the Articles were and how there was a need for a new government. -
Constitutional Convention
55 delegates met in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation. They soon realized they needed to create a whole new constitution. The main issue was the debate between representation in the legislative branch for small and big states. There were two plans the NJ plan that favored small states and the VA plan that favored big states. In the end, they used both and created a bicameral legislature. -
The Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed by the anti-federalists because they believed the federal government had too much power and the people would be oppressed without a Bill of Rights. Was the reason the Constitution was ratified. -
Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers in western Pennslyvania don't like the tax on whiskey and beat up the tax collectors. George Washington pulls an army 12,000 soldiers to put it down and it shows that the government means business. -
Pickney's Treaty
A treaty with Spain that gave the US right of deposit at the Port of New Orleans. Spain did not ask for anything from the US. -
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Period 4 Pt 1
War of 1812, First Party System -
Marbury v. Madison
This case set up Judicial Review in the United States. This lets the Supreme Court to strike down laws, or government actions that are against the Constitution. -
The Louisiana Purchase
The purchase of land in the middle of the United States was owned by France. It doubled the size of the United States and led to more expansion. -
Embargo of 1807
An embargo on the whole world. Jefferson thought it would hut other countries but it just hurt the US economy. Lots of people hated it and it led to him becoming not popular. -
War of 1812
Caused by British impressment, violation of neutrality, and many other things the United States declared war on Great Britain. It was unsuccessful with no real winner and Washington DC and Buffalo, NY were burnt down. -
Treaty of Ghent
Britain and the US both had demands but neither got any of them. Ended the War of 1812 and they decided if US and Britain have a problem they have meetings instead of fighting. -
Hartford Convention
It was a gathering of Federalists that purposed to limit congress power to make war, create embargo, and admit states. Also, limit the president to one term and make consecutive presidents from the same states. It leads to the downfall of the Federalists. -
Protective Tariff
It was the first tariff passed by Congress with the goal of protecting US manufactured items from overseas competition -
Adams Onis Treaty
The US gets Flordia for $5 million from Spain. Spain gives up its claim on Oregon Country and the northern boundary of New Spain clarified. -
Missouri Compromise
A compromise that said Missouri will come in as a slave state and Maine will be a free state. The 36'30' parallel, territory north will be free and territory south will be a slave . Shows that Congress is assuming the right to decide about the expansion of slavery. -
Monroe Doctrine
The guiding principle of US foreign policy through the end of the century. It states that there should be no more European colonization of the western hemisphere, any attempt would be viewed as a threat to the US and the US promises to stay out of European interval conflict. -
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Period 4 pt 2: 1824-1848
Jacksonian Democrocy. The Second Great Awakening, Mainfest Destiny -
Tariff of Abominations
A protective tariff passed to protect Nothern United States industry. South Carolina hated it and nullified it because they saw it as aginst the South. -
The Indian Removal Act
Signed in by President Andrew Jackson and made treaties to move Native off their land into unsettled land west of the Mississippi. The treaties usually were not discussed with the leaders of the tribes. -
Nat Turners Rebellion
A rebellion by an enslaved man named Nat Turner in Virginia. It killed 55 whites and 60 blacks were killed in retaliation and after this slave laws became harsher. -
Tariff of 1832
Lower the tariff from 45% to 35% and in South Carolina, the legislator says it will not collect the tariff. President Jackson prepares an army of 20,000 to march on Charleston. Henry Clay steps in and makes a compromise that will lower the tariff over time and South Carolina loves it. -
Worcester v Georgia
Said that the states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native land. Andrew Jackson ignored it and did not enforce the ruling. -
Force Act
Use the military to enforce the tariff of 1832. Strengthens the power of the executive branch and that the Federal government does have power to control states when they do not listen to them. -
Panic of 1837
Caused by speculative lending in the west sharp decline in cotton prices. Banks run out of gold and silver and there is a run on banks. It hurt the entire United States and really hurt the economy. -
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Period 5
Lead up to the Civil War, The Civil War, Reconstruction -
Annexation of Texas
Texas succeeds from Mexico and becomes its own independent country, recognized by the United States. Then Texas asked to be admitted into the United States and came in as a state. -
Mexican American War
It started because the United States wanted to expand westward into California and New Mexico and offered to buy it but Mexico refused. California succeeded from Mexico and the US went in and helped California. The United Staes won and gain much of the southwestern United States. -
Wilmot Proviso
A proposal that would have not allowed slavery in territory that the United States took in the Mexican American War. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The first women's rights convention and it produced a "Declaration of Sentiments and Grievances". It was led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. It sparked many more conditions around d the country and was the first wave of the women's rights movement. -
The Compromise of 1850
California and New Mexico want to come as free states and the South threatens to succeed. Henry Clay has another compromise that says California comes in free, New Mexico and Utah decide based on popular sovereignty, and new and more strict fugitive slave laws. -
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
If the United States decides to build a canal in Panama it will be jointly built with Great Britain. They both will jointly control and protect the canal once it is built. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Proposed popular sovereignty in Nebraska Territory and it overturned the Missouri Compromise. Presumably, Kansas would be slave, and Nebraska would be free. Led to wars between Missouri and Kansas. -
The Emancipation Proclamation
Issued by President Lincoln and it freed all slaves after January 1, 1863, in the states in rebellion and excludes the 4 border states. This changed the war effort to be about ending slavery and as the Union moves into the Confederacy African Americans follow the army. -
Dred Scott v Sanford
Dred Scott was an enslaved person and when he lived in a free state he said he was free. Brings up the question of the Missouri Compromise, can slaves be in a free state, and if they are in a free state are they free. The decision was slaves are property so if they are taken into a free state they are still slaves, Dred Scott is not free. -
John Browns Raid
Lead by an abolitionist John Brown to initiate a slave revolt in Southern states by taking over a Federal arsenal. John Brown was caught by Robert E. Lee and tried for treason and got hanged. -
South Carolina Sucession
The first state to succeed from the United States. Left because Abraham Lincoln became President and was against slavery. Led to other southern states succeeding. -
Attack on Fort Sumpter
The South attacked the Union fort in Charleston called Fort Sumpter. This is the first attack and is an act of war by the South. Starts the Civil War. -
The fall of Atlanta
William T. Sherman marched on Atlanta and defeated the Confederate forces. It was a turning point in the war showing that the Union will win. They also burned Atlanta mainly focusing on military facilities. -
13th,14th and 15th Amendments
13th abolished slavery,14th granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and the 15th gave the right to vote to all citizens of the United States(men). These were the 13 Reconstruction amendments -
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Period 6
The Gilded Age, Industrial Revolution, -
Assassination of President Lincoln
Shot in Fords Theatre by John Wilkes Booth because Booth believed assassinating him would revive the Confederacy. It was apart of a conspiracy to kill 3 of the most important officials in the United States, President Lincoln, Vice President Johnson, and the United States Secretary of State William Seward. Only President Lincoln was assassinated. -
Civil Rights Act of 1866
It gave citizenship to African Americans and equal protection under the law. Even though it was in the law it was not widely enforced. -
Reconstruction Act of 1867
It laid out the process of readmitting Southern states into the Union. It split the South into 5 districts and also states must provide suffrage for African American men. -
Knights of Labor
The first major organization in the United States. It organized unskilled and skilled workers, wanted an 8-hour workday, and wanted workers to own industries in which they work. -
Transcontinental railroad
Connected the eastern United States to the western United States. It was a major advancement for the United States now connecting both sides of the United States and making traveling easier. -
Enforcement Acts
Criminal codes protected African Americans right to vote, hold office, serve on juries, and equal protection under the law. The President used the military to protect equal rights. -
Munn V Illinois
The Court upheld the power of state governments to regulate private industry that affects "the common good". Mainly targeted at railroads to curb their power. -
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
Started in Martinsburg, West Virginia in response to Baltimore & Ohio Railroad cutting wages for the third time in a year. Striking workers would not let the trains run until the pay cut was revoked -
Tuskegee Institute
Founded by Brooker T. Washinton, a former slave, to help African Americans become more needed in society. It was for industrial education and vocational training. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Prevented Chinese workers from immigrating to the United States. It was the first US immigration law that focused on an entire ethnic group. -
Pendleton Act
Required government jobs to be filled by a civil test. Helped to end the spoil system. -
Haymarket Square Riot
The aftermath of a bombing that took place at a peaceful protest to get an 8-hour workday. It killed 4 civilians and 7 police officers it was a huge event leading to many Unions having to diassociate themselves from the rally. -
Interstate Commerce Act
A federal law designed to regulate the railroad industry and mainly to control monopolies. It only said that the rates have to be reasonable but set no requirements. -
Sherman Anti-trust Act
Sought to limit corporations, forbid combinations. The act was used to curb the power of unions, not corporations. -
Homestead Strike
An industrial lockdown and strike because in 1889 steelworkers got a favorable 3-year contract. Andrew Carnegie wanted to break the union and when the workers refused a new contract they were locked out. Carnegie hired Pinkleton guards and there was a battle between strikers and them and the Pinkleton guards lost. -
Pullman Strike
A widespread railroad strike and boycott that hurt railroad traffic in the Midwest. It was because of that most of the workers lived in Pullman towns and Pullman cut wages but did not cut rent so the workers were going into debt. The strike was not successful. -
Teller Amendment
An amendment to a joint resolution of the United States Congress enacted in reply to President McKinley's war message. It said that the US could not annex Cuba and that they would leave. -
Spanish-American War
Caused by Spain placing Cubans in concentration camps and "Remember the Maine" a ship that exploded in Havana and the Spanish were blamed. Us intervened and won the war in 4 months and the US gained Gaum, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. -
Open Door Policy
A statement of principles by the United States that dealt with trade in China. It called for the protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China. -
Newlands Reclamation Act
Funded irrigation projects for states in the west. It was in response to the Dustbowl that hurt the midwest. -
Anthracite Coal Strike
A strike in Pennslyvania by United Mine Workers of America for higher wages, shorter workdays, and recognition for the union. President Theodore Roosevelt threatened to seize the mines if the owners did not negotiate and showed that government sides with workers. -
Roosevelt Corollary
An addition to the Monroe Doctrine by President Theodore Roosevelt. It stated that the United States will intervene between countries in Europe and Latin America basically making the US a police power in the western hemisphere. -
Northern Securities V United States
Nothern Securities formed by the combing of Great Northern and Northern Pacific railroad companies. The decision was that they had formed a monopoly that is unconstitutional so it had to be dissolved. -
Federal Reserve Act
It creates a new central banking system for the United States. It controls the money supply and sets interest rates. -
Panama Canal
Needed to get the Pacific faster by ship. The problem was that Panama was controlled by Columbia so the US helped them become independent. It started in 1904 and 1914. -
Clayton Antitrust Act
Part of the United States antitrust laws. It sought to prevent anti-competitive practices in their incipiency. -
Period: to
World War 1
Started by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo due to different alliances pulling Europe into a war. The United States joined in because of the Zimmerman letter they help Help the allies win it was really hard in Europe but barely touched the United States homefront. The US joins the war in 1917. -
National Defense Act
Included expansion of the Army and National Gaurd. It doubled the army and more naval construction. -
The Great Migration
A large movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities. It was caused by a need for more workers in factories. It started in 1916 but lasted until the 1970s. -
Zimmerman Note
Germany sent a telegraph to Mexico encouraging them to attack the US in return Mexico would get all the territory lost in the Mexican-American War. It gets intercepted and leads the US to join the war. -
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Period 7 Part 2
The 1920s, World War 2, The Great Depression -
Wilson's 14 Points
A statement of principles for peace that was used for peace negotiations to end World War 1. IT called for ending imperialism, trying to prevent another war and "peace without victory". -
"Red Summer"
In the summer of 1919, there were race riots in Nothern cities due to the mass migration of African Americans. By the end, at least 120 people died and in this time lynchings rose drastically in the South. -
Emergency Quota Act
Used the 1910 census to decide how many people come from each country. USed 3% based on how many people were in the country from another county in 1910. -
Dawes Plan
Was a plan that successfully resolved the issue of WW1 reparations. It ended the crisis in European diplomacy after WW1. -
Scopes Trial
A high school teacher went against the law and taught about evolution in his class. It was a huge deal and talked about the idea of evolution and started showing cultural divides on issues. -
The National Clan
The KKK becomes mainstream and is against a lot of people. Mainly blacks, Jews, and immigrants. "Birth of a Nation" made them more popular. -
The stock market crash
Two main days, Black Thursday(10.24/1929) and Black Tuesday(10/29/1929). The huge crash completely destroys the economy and hurts everything, unemployment shoots way up. -
The New Deal
FDR implements the New Deal which is a set of programs and agencies to help the economy. He focused on banks, agriculture, business, and unemployment. Basically helps the US survive the crisis and help prevent it from ever happening again. -
Glass-Steagal Act
Insures people money in the bank up to $5,000. Helped people trust banks and use them again. -
Social Security Act
It provides pensions for retired workers. It also provided pensions for unemployed and disabled people. -
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World War 2
The second world war was started by Germany becoming aggressive and taking over territory. The United States joined in after Pearl Harbor. The Holocaust was happening during it and over 6 million Jews were killed. -
Land-Lease Act
An act to promote the defense of the US. It was a program that supplied food, oil and other things to the UK, France, China, the USSR, and other allied nations. -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
A Japanese attack on the naval/military base Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. It led to the United States joining World War 2. -
Executive Order 9066
Issued by FDR it was the relocation of Japanese Americans. It authorized the evacuation of all persons deemed a threat for national security are to be moved in inland. Japanese interment camps. -
Tehran Conference
A meeting between Jospeh Stale, FDR and Winston Churchill after the invasion of Iran. It was the first meeting of the "Big 3". -
D-Day
The Allies launched the biggest invasion in history when they attack German troops and weapons at Normandy. It was the first phase of freeing France.
