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8000 BCE
Beginnings of Agriculture
This was the transition from hunter gather societies to sedentary societies. This is interactions between humans and environments because it has to do with villages, food and towns. -
3000 BCE
Beginnings of Bronze Age-early civs
Changes from stone tools and weapons, dev of trade routes and ideographic writing.This is Economic as it has to do with dev of trade routes and more expensive tools. -
1300 BCE
Iron Age
Change in tools and weapons, intro to alphabetic characters and dev of written language. This is Economic as it goes in expenses of new weapons , t also has cultural change in the dev of lang. -
600 BCE
6th Cen Life of Buddha, Confucius, Laozi (beginnings of Confucianism, Buddhism, Daosim)
Buddhism grew after the fall of the Han Dynasty, For Confucius a major part was respect and peace, all predominate in Han Dynasty and play role in current day China. This is cultural because all three are a form of religion. -
500 BCE
5th Cen Greek Golden Age- philosophers
This period in Greece gave us monuments, art, philosophy with philosophers such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. It is social because they use art to speak and help others which feeds into our new civilization. -
Period: 403 BCE to 221 BCE
(China's) Era of Warring States
Many states were at war before the Qin state conquered them all, and China was united under the Qin Dynasty. This is political as states declared independence from the Zhou Dynasty turning into the Era of Warring States when all nations separated. -
323 BCE
Alexander the Great dies
Alexander the Great died on June 323 BC in Babylon by probably typhoid fever. This is social because after his death, wars tore his empire apart . -
221 BCE
Qin Dynasty unified China
The Era of Warring States ends with the conquest of Qin Dynasty, this unifies China when he brings all the nations together again. This is political because Qin Dynasty conquers all the nations that separated when they declared independence from the Zhou Dynasty. -
184 BCE
Fall of Mauryan Dynasty
The Fall of Mauryan Dynasty started when Ashoka the great died, the rulers after that were weak and did not have the capacity to rule an empire cause the empire to decline. This is political as it is a fallen empire cause by weak rulers. -
32 BCE
Beginnings of Christianity
The Roman Empire started crumbling and Constantinople converting to Christianity were both big reasons to the increase of Christianity, Constantinople's conversion led to a huge amount of his followers to convert, this led to Constantinople making Christianity the main religion in the Roman Empire. This is cultural because it has to do with religion in the Roman Empire. -
180
End of Pax Romana
End of Pax Romana was period of peace and dev of minimal military in the Roman Empire during the 1st and 2nd centuries ce.This is social because it keeps a period of peace between the people living in the period. -
220
End of Han Dynasty
Cao Cao tried to reunite the Han Dynasty but failed when his army was defeated at the Battle of Red Cliff, the Hand Dynasty finally ended when Cao Pi pressured Emperor Xian into abdicating his throne. This is political because this empire fell because landowners gained power and the gov weakened. -
312
Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity
Constantine was the first emperor in Rome to convert to Christianity, it said that it started after witnessing a sight of a cross in the sky with his army , though hes conversion started after series of events. This is cultural because the culture of Christianity grew after his conversion when a large amount of his followers converted after him and he mad this the main religion in Rome. -
333
Roman capital moved to Constantinople
Emperor Constantine moved the capital of Rome to Byzantium (later renamed Constantinople) , the center of power in Rome shifted to east with the new capital protected by walls. This is political as this deals with expansion, structure and power -
400
4th century Beginning of Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Trans-Saharan started for travel across the Sahara to reach sub-Saharan Africa, though it started n the 4th Ce, its peak is in the 8th Cen. This is economic because people used this as a way to trade. -
476
"Fall" of Rome
When the Empire failed to enforce rules, the empire started to fall causing it to be divided and following barbarian attacks,the last emperor in the west Rome was overthrown by Odoacer. This is political because there was many attacks and the empire could no longer rule when its emperor was overthrown. -
527
Justinian Rule of Byzantine Empire
Justinian I ruled from 527 to 565, he created a set of laws called the Justinian Code, the code read that the emperor made all laws and interpreted them as well. This is political as it shows how much power the emperor has by making a law for him to rule for efficiently and it is also a significant law. -
550
Fall of Gupta Dynasty/ Empire
The Huns invaded the Gupta causing damage to the Empire and after a series of weak rulers, the empire divide into regional kingdoms in 550. This is political because the Huns invasion was a attack on the dynasty. -
622
Founding of Islam
Islam was brought to North Africa under the Umayyad Dynasty and continued to spread by the use of trade networks.This is cultural because Islam is a religion based on beliefs and this talks about the founding of this religion. -
730
Printing invented in China
Originally called "woodblock printing", this was a important innovation for Tang Dynasty, this method of printing consisted of putting patterns on blocks of wood and pressing it against papers. This is culture as it is the dev of printing used in the society we live in today. -
732
Battle of Tours (end of Muslim move into France
Charles Martel was the leader of the Battle of Tour in which he defeated a large army o Spanish Moors. This is cultural because this is a significant war and under the power of Martel. -
900
Decline of Classical Maya
As time passed, each of the cities had been abandoned until it collapsed in c. 900 for unknown reasons. This is interaction between humans and the environment as hey began to abandon this civilization until it collapsed. -
1054
Great Schism in Christian Church (Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox)
This was the final separation between Eastern Christian Churches when the Charlemange's crowning made the Byz emperor upset leading to relations between the two to worsen over time.This is cultural because it is the split of one religion church turning into two and having different beliefs/ cultures for each church. -
1066
Norman conquest of England
This is the invasion and occupation of England led by Duke William II to take the the throne from Harold Godwinson which led to a change in the Feudal system and a closer link with continental Europe. This is political as it led to the crowning of William and it is attack for power. -
1071
Battle of Manzikert
The Battle of Manzikert was a battle between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuk Turkish armies led by Alp Arslan, this was the defeat of the Byzantine Empire and the capture of Romanus IV Diogenes. This is political as it led to the capture of an emperor and was a war between two major empires -
1095
1st Crusade
Emperor Alexius Comenu was also threatened by the Seljuk Turks and went to the West for aid and the Pope called for a crusade to recover the holy lands.This is political and cultural because it was a series of religious wars. -
1206
Genghis Khan begins Mongol conquest
Genghis Khan united many nomadic tribes and after founding his empire he began his Mongol invasions that conquered most of Eurasia. This is political because Genghis is in charge on this empire showing how much power he has. -
1258
Mongols sack Baghdad, end of Abbasid caliphate
The Battle of Baghdad was led by Hulagu Khan when Baghdad was captured, sacked, and burned down over time. This is political as it deals with the conquest of a city -
Period: 1271 to 1295
Marco Polo's travels
Marco traveled through the Silk Road going through Europe and Asia which lasted 24 years with his family. This is Interactions as Marco and his family interact with the environment that the are traveling through. -
Period: 1279 to 1368
Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty in China
When Kublai Khan defeated Southern Song this has all of China under foreign rule then Kublai Khan named his dynasty Yuan. This is political as it is a new Dynasty and a new leader under all the power. -
1324
Mansa Musa's pilgrimage/hajj
Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to the Muslim holy city of Mecca introduced him to rulers in the Middle East and in Europe, He became emperor and the first time make the 4,000 journey to Mecca. This is social between the rulers he met and Mansa Musa. -
Period: 1325 to 1349
Travels of Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta set off from his hometown to Mecca on a hajj, He didn't see Morocco again for twenty-four years as he traveled through Asia and Africa. This is social between people he met on his journey and Interaction based on his travels in different places and environments. -
Period: 1347 to 1348
Bubonic plague in Europe
Known as the Black Death, this was caused by a widespread plague which passe from Asia to Europe that killed one third of the population in Europe. This is interaction between humans and the environment because the plague spread by rats and people caught it from others by coughs and sneezes. -
Period: 1368 to
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty led China's population to double, known for its trade expansion and established cultural ties with the west, emperor was Zhu Yuanzhang and the succession of weak emperors caused the empire to decline and eventually fall. This is political because this was a new empire that ruled over China and gave power to its emperor -
Period: 1405 to 1433
Zheng He's voyages
He had a total of seven voyages and it was mainly for military ventures and to promote the Ming Dynasty, he went on these voyages for the Chinese emperor and to establish Chinese trade. This is interaction and economic because it is talking about Chinese trade and it is interaction between the environment that Zheng He traveled across -
1438
Rise of Inca Empire
The Inca Empire rose and expanded when the Inca ruler Pachacuti and his army began conquering lands until the Spaniards arrived and threatened the empire for the first time, causing it to decline. This is politically based on the expansion, power and decline of the Inca Empire. -
1450
Printing Press in Europe (Gutenberg)
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1453
Ottomans capture Constantinople
The Leader Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople which led to the Ottomans becoming one of the most powerful empires and causing the Eastern Roman Empire to fall. This is political as the power shifts from Constantinople and the Eastern Roman Empire to the Ottoman Empire. -
1480
Height of Aztec Empire
The Aztec Empire was the most powerful Mesoamerican kingdom of all time which spread through many parts of current central and southern Mexico, by 1519 the Aztec Empire was at its peak. This is interaction in the environment because it is the spread and dev of the Aztec Empire. -
1488
Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope
Dias led the first European expedition that showed Europeans there was a easier route to India around the storm of Africa and opening a sea route to Asia. This is cultural as it is a innovation. -
1492
Columbus/Reconquista of Spain
The Reconquista was a long series of wars between Christians and Muslim Moors for control of the Iberian Peninsula, this is important as it refers to the defeat of the Moors in Spain, anyone who was Muslim had to convert to Christianity. This is political and cultural as it is a series of battles between two religions. -
1502
1st African Slaves to Americas
The first recorded arrival of slaves was when Juan de Córdoba sent his black slaves from Spain to Hispaniola. This is economic as the labor system is slavery. -
1517
Martin Luther/Prot Reformation
The Reformation was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther who wrote the 95 Theses as a way to stop the Catholic Church from selling indulgences. This is cultural because it is dealing with religion and church. -
1521
Cortez conquered the Aztec
Cortes and the Aztec went to battle until Cortes defeated the empire for silver,gold,greed, glory and to convert them to Christianity claiming Mexico for Spain. This is political because the power shifted from the Aztec Empire to Cortes and Spain. -
1529
1st unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna (under Suleiman)
The first unsuccessful siege was meant to capture the city of Vienna, this was a part of their intervention into the Hungarian conflict. This is political as t is a battle between an empire and a city. -
1533
Pizarro toppled the Inca
Pizarro invaded Inca looking for riches in the town of Cajamarca. This is political as it is a invasion of an empire that caused it to decline. -
1545
Discover of sliver at Potosi
Diego Huallpa discovered the richest silver in the Cerro Rico de Potosí in the mountains of southern Bolivia. This is economic as it is money system. -
1571
1st Manila Galleon (global trade)
This is a trade route that was used to exchange large Chinese goods, this caused a negative effect on economic dev in the Philippines. This is economic as it is patterns of trade. -
1571
Battle of Lepanto (Ottoman naval defeat)
This was a battle between the Holy League led by the Spanish Empire and the Ottoman Empire who were eventually defeated in battle. This is political as it is a significant battle that ended the Ottoman Empire. -
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from A Coruña led by Duke of Medina Sidonia. This is interaction between humans and the environment because the ships interacted with the oceanic environment thy were sailing through. -
Battle of Sekigahara (beg of Tokugawa Shogunate)
This battle marks the moment when Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated their rivals, this is one of the most important battles in the history of Japan since it established the machinery for the Tokugawa shogunate. This is political because it is a battle over power. -
Foundation of Jamestown
The purpose of Jamestown was to to grow crops and wealth among the land. This is economic as it is dealing with the dev of the towns money system. -
Period: to
30 Years War
The 30 Years War was a religious civil war between the Protestants and the Roman Catholics in Germany, France won the war leaving Germany out of commission for two hundred years. This is political and cultural as it is a significant war between religions. -
End of Ming/Beg of Qing Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty ended because of a succession of weak rulers and in 1644 the Chinese capital at Beijing was captured by leaving the Ming dynasty to call on the Manchus help. This is political because it is the dev of one dynasty, fall of another and the capture of a capital. -
Cape Town colony founded (Dutch)
Jan van Riebeeck founded the colony as a re-supply and layover port for vessels for trading with Asia. This is economic as it is using trade with other continents. -
2nd unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna (Mehmet IV)
The Battle of Vienna is one of the most important battles from the 17th century since the siege marked the beginning of the end of Turkish domination in eastern Europe when the Ottoman Turks where defeated after trying to dominate Vienna. This is political because it is a big battle that began the decline of the Ottoman empire in Europe. -
Glorious Revolution/ English Bill of Rights
During the Glorious Revolution King James II renounced and left the country which led to the succession by his daughter and her husband, William and Mary but before they could be king and queen they had to agree to accept the BoR. This is political because the BoR is a significant document that is still used to this day.
