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Period: 500 to 1500
Feudalism in Europe
Feudalism was system of social ranking and land ownership in Europe, to keep control and power over citizens. A piece of land would be divided up by the kings(who is at the top of the system), and then given to the lords/nobles(the second in the system) as a fief. Citizens at the bottom of the system were forced into labor, or would protect the land. As the bubonic plague and new politicians were introduced, the feudalism system ended. -
Period: 618 to 1279
Tang and Song Dynasty
The Tang dynasty ruled before the Song from 618 to 960. The Tang dynasty was known for their reforms and cultural advancements. In these reforms, women were equal to men, and were able to dress as they wanted, and hold high government positions. The Song dynasty was from 960 to 1279, which was when the Mongol Empire conquered China. These dynasty is known as China's golden age, because in both many inventions and reforms were created. -
Period: 750 to 1517
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphates diffused and spread the islamic religion for centuries. During their rule many muslims became intellectual and studied many things. Their time of ruling was known as the golden age for the islamic culture, because it was a period of trade and innovations. Eventually the Abbasid Caliphates fell, because the Mongol Empire conquered their land. -
Period: 1200 to 1450
Mongol Empire
Before the Mongol Empire, mongols began as nomadic people, but eventually became an empire. The Mongol Empire was located in Central Asia, and conquered some European countries. The Mongol Empire, also had advance trade routes, like the silk road. Because of the large population and trade routes, the bubonic plague spread through Asia and killed many. -
Period: 1206 to 1526
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic rule in Northern India. The Islamic rule in India, caused a conflict, because India consisted dominantly of Hindus, who imposed muslims. Because of the conflict, the Sultanate enforced taxes on the hindus. After the Delhi Sultanate ended the islamic religion was still present in India, but hindus and muslims became tolerant of each other. -
Period: 1235 to
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire was the largest Empire in West Africa. This empire had a huge impact on surrounding cultures. It was the richest empire in Africa due to its demand for gold and salt. They also created advance trading systems, to trade gold and salt. The Mali Empire began to loss power and order, once their leader Mansa Musa died. -
Period: 1271 to 1368
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was the first dynasty in China, not ran by the Chinese, and it was founded by Genghis Khan. This dynasty also changed the Chinese capital to Beijing during it's rule. It had become a centralized bureaucracy and extended foreign trade. Yuan dynasty also enforced a taxation system to keep citizens under control. -
Period: 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was the longest empire to last, and was started by the Osman dynasty. The Ottoman Empire began when Mehmed II conquered Constantinople, and seized the Mediterranean region, and Black and Mediterranean sea. This empire used the Straits of Bosporus to trade and transport armies. As the Ottoman Empire ruled they used gunpowder, Islamic religion, devshirme system (recruit of christian boys), and Shariah laws to keep control of the empire. -
Period: 1300 to
European Renaissance
The European Renaissance was the flourishing of arts and humanism. The Renaissance also introduced new ideas such as calvinism and predestination. During this period there was also a growth in agriculture, trade, and new inventions, like the printing press. This era led to conflict, because of the introduction to new ideas, which also lead to the scientific revolution. -
Period: 1346 to 1350
Bubonic Plague
The bubonic plague was a very fatal disease, that diffused at a rapid rate throughout Europe. The disease came from animals, but was transmitted by fleas. This event lead to the fleeing of many people from their homes, because they feared becoming sick and dying. It also caused a decline in the Catholic Church, because leaders of the Catholic Church were also fleeing and not helping others. The bubonic plague killed 1/3 of the population in Europe. -
Period: 1368 to
Ming Dynasty
During this timespan, the Ming dynasty had took over the Yuan dynasty in China, and became the first dynasty to overthrow the Mongols. Hongwu was the first Emperor of the dynasty and began changing the rules in China right away. Hongwu immediately destroyed evidence of Mongol culture, reintroduces civil exams, expanded agriculture support, by giving poor farmers land, and begun law of codes that supported confucianism, family relationship and foot binding. -
Period: 1400 to
Age of Exploration
The idea of mercantilism, lead to the age of exploration, because it drove Europeans to want to find colonies, that would provide them with natural resources to export. Prince Henry helped start the Age of Exploration, by investing funds into exploration schools. During this period many inventions were used and created, like the compass, astrolabe, and aravels. -
Period: 1400 to
Spanish Colonial Empire
Spanish Colonial Empire, was present in mostly The New World. In the New World, the Spanish used the encomienda system to control the natives in the New World. The Spanish also used the mita system, to force natives into labor and mine silver and gold. The Spanish also colonized the Philippines. The Philippines capital was mainly used as a trading port, because it was in between major trading routes. -
Period: 1428 to 1533
Mesoamerican Empires
Major Empires in Mesoamerica was the Aztec and Inca Empire. The Aztecs were located in central Mexico and were known for their architect and development of cultivation along with irrigation. The Inca Empire was located in the Andes mountain and had development and architects that allowed them to live in the mountains. They had well developed roads, bridges, and irrigation. Both Empires also worshipped multiple gods, and performed sacrifices to please the gods. -
Period: 1500 to
Portuguese Trading Post Empire
At the beginning of the Portuguese Trading Post Empire, Portuguese explored coastlines of Africa and began establishing trading posts. These posts weren't designed to control native areas, but it forced merchants to pay duties wishing trade. By mid 16th century, Portuguese had over 50 trading posts between Africa and East Asia. Portugese navy protected these trading posts, by controlling the Indian Ocean and forced merchants to buy a safe pass, or they will risk distruction. -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
The Reformation took place in Europe. After the black plague, the Catholic Church became corrupt. The Catholic Church began to be greedy, and started encouraging Europeans to pay indulgences, so their sins will be forgiven. The Catholic church then began to be challenged, which is called the Reformation. Martin Luther began the Reformation, by writing 95 theses, and protesting against the selling of indulgences. After the Reformation many branches of Christianity were created. -
Period: 1526 to
Mughal Empire
The Mughal empire conquered Northern and some parts of Southern India from the Delhi Sultanates. This empire was started by Barbur, a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan. During this time arts and culture prospered, along with trade networks off the Indian Ocean and Silk Road. The mughal empire was ran by muslims, but the caste system remained, and taxes on hindus were lowered. Mughals kept control by using gunpowder, and Zamindars to enforce taxes. -
Period: 1526 to
Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade was the transportation of slaves from Africa to mainly the Americas. The Atlantic Slave Trade positively impacted America, by introduction of new crops like rice, okra, banana, sugar, and etc, and the blend of culture and music. It also lead to genocides on the middle passage. This trade also impacted Africa, because it caused a decrease of the African population in Africa, and allowed Portugal to take over Swahili. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa Shogunate, also known as Edo Period, began in Japan, after Oda Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa unfided Japan, during Sengoku(warring state period). The Emperor of Tokugawa Shogunate were buddhist figures. This empire promoted great peace and the ban of foreigners and Christians. During this period samurais became more educated and moved to an higher level on the caste system, where as peasants were moved to the bottom. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
After the fall of the Ming dynasty, the Qing dynasty took rule and became the last dynasty to rule China. During the Qing Dynasty the civil exam remained, confucianism and buddhism were still the main religion, and isolationism continued. As the Quing dynasty was in rule, arts flourished, China was at peace, and the manchu culture expanded throughout China. During this timespan, Chinese territories were also expanded into Tibet and Central Asia. -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a movement of philosophies concerning humanity, nature, and ideas of god. People like John Locke, Jean Rousseau, Adam Smith, and etc., where leaders in the Enlightenment, who helped promote ideas. The idea of capitalism, abolitism, natural rights, feminism, and etc. were spreaded through the Enlightenment movement. This movement lead to the U.S Constitution, Revolutions, and etc. -
Period: to
American Revolution
As Great Britain went into debt after the French and Indian war, Britain tried to control and make the American colonies pay off the debt. The Americans power of decision over their colonies were taken away, and they also had to pay large amounts of taxes. The Americans began to rebel and fought many wars with Great Britain. They eventually succeed and created the Declaration of Independence, which was influenced by the Enlightenment. -
Period: to
French Revolution
Before the French Revolution, France was in debt, leading to King Louis XVI poor injustice economic and political decisions. In the Estates General everyone's vote counted, except for the Third Estates, which were the common people. Citizens began to develop new ideas, because of the Enlightenment, and then rebelled against France and held secret meetings. As the revolution went on, monarchies became scared and purposed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution was influenced by the success of the American Revolution. This revolution was the rebellion of African slaves, against French colonizers. It was a brutal revolution, but it led to the freedom of all slaves in Haiti. After the revolution Haiti became the first established black independent country in the Americas. -
Period: to
Industial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, was the transition to manufactured goods. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain, and began to spread, as others saw the impacts of it. This era lead to a faster production of products, and more export, while providing more jobs. The Industrial Revolution also lead to child labor, pollution, and a huge division between social classes. -
Period: to
Tanzimat Reforms
The Tanzimat reforms was a period where the Ottoman Empire changed the laws and social ideas. The Ottoman Empire began to westernize. Women gained rights from the reform, western style educate and laws were also introduced. Communication systems were also introduced, like telegrams and postal systems. -
Period: to
Opium Wars
The Opium War began when China refused to import Indian Opiums from the British, because opium caused server addiction, effecting social and economic aspects. Wars began to break out, and China became weak. The second opium war made China even weaker, and gave Western Europeans the power to force China to legalize opium, weaken China's sovereignty over trade, and expand exports. After the war a treaty was signed, and China had to pay taxes and legalize opiums. -
Period: to
Taiping Rebellion
This rebellion was one of the deadliest rebellions in history. The Taiping rebellion, was the rebellion against the Qing dynasty. The rebellion was successful at first, but then the leader of the rebellion Hong Xiuquan died, and the rebellion failed because there was no leader. Many lives were lost by the end, and many Taiping associates were killed, and lead to financial issues in China. -
Period: to
Sepoy Mutiny
The Sepoy Mutiny was the First War of Independence in India, against Great Britain. As Great Britain's control and injustice on India grew stronger, the Indians struck against British rule. After the revolution, India was able to abolish East Indian Companies, but was in debt. Because of their debt, India re-established a new military and modernized their nation. -
Period: to
Meji Revolution
The Meiji Revolution, was a political revolution that ended the Edo period. In the beginning of the revolution, America and a few European nations went to Japan, and demanded Japan to open up their trade ports, so they would have the ability to trade with Japan. This resulted in a trade treaty that allowed trade with all of the nations. This treaty made Japan look weak, and caused wars between civilization in Japan, leading to a new national army, and the the end of social class pyramid. -
Period: to
Scramble for Africa
This was a period where Europeans competited for and seized land in Africa. As Europeans began claiming colonies, they stole and controlled the colonies resources. During this process many border lines were formed, effecting the natives. The scramble for Africa came to an end after the Berlin Conference. -
Period: to
Berlin Conference
Before the Berlin Conference, many European powers scrambled for land in Africa, and many Africans began to be be trade in the Atlantic Slave Trade globally. As a result of this the Berlin conference took place, and the European powers came up with an agreement on how Africa was to be split, and how trades were to process. The conference was away for Europeans to control colonization and trade, while also controlling the natives.