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800
Gunpowder
It is an explosive powder that is used in guns and cannons. It was used in warfare and affected the way many battles and wars have ended. Gunpowder was mainly used in Eurasia. This is a technology item. -
Period: 1095 to 1291
The Crusades
A series of wars where European powers were trying to spread Christianity and wanting to stop the spread of Islam in places like Jerusalem which was a former Christian territory. Muslims had the victory, but many argue that Christianity still spread to various regions, and the church gained power. The first crusade took place in Germany and Italy while the others set out to be in Constantinople and eventually Jerusalem. This is a political event. -
Period: 1200 to 1400
Timbuktu Trade
City in Mali near the Niger River whose ruler was Mansa Musa, and it also contains the Djinguereber Mosque. It was a trade center and starting point for camel caravans for trans-Saharan travel. It was a Western African country in the Mali Empire. This is a cultural event...The times below are when the city mostly floursihed. -
Period: 1206 to 1368
The Mongols
A central Asian group that lived in the Mongolian steppes and plateau. They had brutal warfare and created the “Pax Mongolica” which ensured peace on the Silk Road. They had brutal warfare which cost many lives and created the “Pax Mongolica” which ensured peace on the Silk Road. They also spread culture and goods through Silk Road. Located in central Asia (Mongolia). This was an interactions between human and environment and economic and culture event. -
Period: 1250 to 1350
Silk Road trade with Mongols
This was a series of Eurasian trade routes which facilitated trade between Asia and Europe. It helped generate spices and silver throughout countries, and once taken over by Mongols, their culture and religion to spread throughout. It went throughout Eurasia. This was an economic and cultural event. -
Period: 1300 to
Feudalism
Labor system in mostly medieval Europe where people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and land in return. Feudalism protected communities from violence and decentralized power amongst the landowners. This happened mostly in medieval Europe and parts in Russia. This is an economic event...Times aren´t exact below -
Period: 1312 to 1337
Mansa Musa´s Rule
He was the leader of the Mali Empire and captured the city of Songhai. He made a Pilgrimage to Mecca and gave out gold. He made Timbuktu a major trade city in North Africa and he made a Pilgrimage to Mecca which made gold loose its worth. Ruled in the Mali Empire but traveled to Mecca. This is a social event. -
Period: 1325 to 1521
The City of Tenochtitlan
The capital of the Aztec Empire in Mexico. It included the temple of Huitzilopochtli. The people living there also did human sacrifice. The capital of the Aztec Empire included a lot of human sacrifice and conducted trade. In Mexico (Aztec Empire).This is a culture event. -
Period: 1325 to 1349
Ibn Battuta´s Travels
He was a Muslim traveler who traveled around Afro-Eurasia. He wrote travel blogs called the Rihlah that described the different people and cultures who he encountered with as he traveled. He also contributed to the Dar al Islam movement. This was an interactions between human and environment event. -
Period: 1346 to 1353
Bubonic Plague
This was also known as the Black Plague. This disease killed millions of Europeans during the Middle Ages since there was no cure. This disease killed ⅔ of Europe’s population. This was an interactions between human and environment event. -
Period: 1368 to
Great Wall of China during the Ming Dynasty
A 13,000 mile long wall that runs across the border of China and was built during the Ming Dynasty. This kept nomadic tribes out of China, and helped keep the Silk Road more safe. It also demonstrated Chinese power. This was a political event. -
Period: 1390 to
Devshirme
This was an Ottoman system that recruited Christian boys into the military and converted them into the Islamic religion. This created a forced religious shift during this time. Started in the Ottoman empire where they sent the boys into the Balkan states. This was a culture event. -
Period: 1400 to
The Casta System Unit 4
A social system in colonial Spain that determined someone’s social importance due to different racial categories. It consisted of the Peninsulares, who were Spanish born, creoles, people of European descent, mestizos, mulattos, and enslaved peoples. This was significant because it ended up causing tensions between the different groups. For example, creoles hated peninsulares because they were considered inferior due to being born in the Americas. It was used in Western Europe. SOCIAL -
Period: 1405 to 1431
Zheng He Voyages
He was an explorer during the Qing dynasty who explored all across Asia and the western tip of Africa. He led voyages that displayed China’s power and influence across other parts of the world. He traveled in Asia and Western Africa. This is an interactions between human and environment event. -
Period: 1469 to 1524
Vasco De Gama Unit 4
He was a Portuguese explorer and was the first European to reach India by sea. He rounded Africa’s Cape of Good Hope in order to do this. He is significant because the sea route that he used in order to get to India helped the Portuguese to establish a colonial empire in Asia and Africa. Taking this route allowed them to get to their destinations faster. He lived in Portugal (Southwestern Europe) and traveled to Africa and India (Southeast Asia). ECONOMIC -
Period: Feb 4, 1480 to Apr 27, 1521
Ferdinand Magellan Unit 4
He was the first person to sail around the world while he led the Spanish Expedition. He did this in order to reach Southeast Asia in order to trade for spices. Magellan was significant because he and his crew were the first Europeans to reach the Philippines while traveling the world. His voyage also led to him finding the channel that links the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. It is named The Strait of Magellan. He lived in Portugal and traveled to reach Southeast Asia. ECONOMIC -
Period: 1490 to
Sikhism Religion
Religion founded by Guru Nanak in the Indian subcontinent. They believe in one God and that everyone is equal under the eyes of Him; that you should lead a good life. A beneficial thing that the followers did was help the needy and oppressed. This religion was founded in India. This is a culture event. -
Period: 1492 to
The Columbian Exchange Unit 4
The diffusion of animals, plants, food, people, and diseases between the Old and New World. The Columbian Exchange greatly increased the population of Afro-Eurasia due foods such as potatoes, maize, and cacao helped boost populations. However, the reliance of cash crops caused indigenous peoples to be enslaved into encomienda systems. They were also wiped out by diseases such as small pox that were spread through trade. It took place in the regions of the Americas, Africa, and Europe. ECONOMIC. -
1500
Carracks Unit 4
They were large merchant ships used for trading that were used by the Portuguese from the 1400s to the 1600s. They were made in the 15th century. Carracks were significant because they were big, and they were able to fit a lot of crew members and cargo. They were very stable on the open ocean due to their square and triangular sails, and this allowed the Portuguese to travel to Europe and Asia for trade easier. TECHNOLOGY -
Period: Dec 13, 1545 to Dec 4, 1563
Council of Trent
This was the economic council of the Catholic Church that was prompted by the Protestant Reformation. Served as the Catholic Doctrine and revitalized the Catholic Church's power. In other words, it rejected Protestant views. This council was found in Italy. This was a political and economic event. -
Period: to
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Unit 5
He was an influential philosopher and thinker during the later years of the Enlightenment. He wrote the Social Contract in 1762 that stated that the government had a right to exist and that they should govern how their citizens want. He was significant because he believed that the political power in a nation should be given to the people. This was a very radical view, and he contributed to the main ideas that the French Revolution was based on. He was from Switzerland (Western Europe). SOCIAL -
Deism Unit 5
It is the belief that God had created the universe and its laws, but did not interfere with everyday life. Deism was popular in America when they first became an independent country. Many of the founding fathers followed deism, and it led them to believe that human reason would be a good way of solving social and political matters. Deist beliefs were put into the US Constitution, like freedom of speech and freedom of religion. Deism was mainly used in America (North America). CULTURE -
The Declaration of Independence Unit 5
It was a proclamation created by The Continental Congress that asserted America’s freedom from Britain. The Declaration established the freedom of the 13 colonies, and it established that all men were created equal. The American Revolution was the first major revolution that was successful, and it inspired other countries to fight back as well. The French Revolution was inspired by the Declaration and its meanings of freedom. The Declaration was made in the US (North America). POLITICAL -
Period: to
Simón Bolívar Unit 6
He was a Creole leader for independence in Columbia and Argentina. He helped to liberate New Granada, Venezuela, Quito, Panama, Ecuador, and Peru. He is known as the greatest leader of South American independence. He is significant because he helped grow the independence of South America and helped lead them to come together by freeing them from the Spanish Empire. He helped to lay the foundation of a democracy in Latin America. He lived in and helped bring freedom to South America. POLITICAL -
Period: to
French Revolution Unit 5
Citizens of France were unhappy with the conditions that they were living in due to things like unfair taxes. The French citizens wanted a complete change of government, and the French monarchy was ended as a result of the war. It was significant because it put an end to France's absolute monarchy. France’s declaration that all men would be equal and free inspired other countries like Haiti to form their own revolutions against their governments. It took place in Western Europe. POLITICAL -
Steamships Unit 6
Steamships were run using coal. Coal was used to heat water in a boiler to create steam. John Filch came up with the idea and made a working model in 1787, but Robert Fulton created the first practical ship called the Clermont in 1807 after his death. Steamships were significant because they used steam power to travel upstream. This led to better transportation, and they were able to carry people and goods through rivers throughout America. Steamships were made in North America. TECHNOLOGY. -
Period: to
The Opium War Unit 6
It was a conflict between China and Britain. Britain was using China for trade and began selling them opium to better make a profit. People in China began to become addicted, China tried to stop the trade from continuing. Britain won the war. This was significant because the opium trade continued, and China had to repay Britain for its losses. This caused financial strain. Because of the Treaty of Nanking, they had to give up Hong Kong as well. It took place in China (Southeast Asia). POLITICAL -
Period: to
The Great Famine Unit 6
It was a period of mass starvation in Ireland due to potato shortages. Potatoes became diseased, and ⅓ of Ireland’s population depended on the crop. Around 1 million people died. The Great Famine caused a large population decrease in Ireland due to the deaths and mass migrations. Most Irish peoples migrated to America, which led to a large population increase there. It took place in Ireland (Western Europe). INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HUMANS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT. -
Period: to
Social Darwinism Unit 6
Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection and “survival of the fittest” was eventually applied to people. White people claimed that other races were scientifically inferior. Social Darwinism was significant because it was used as justification to conquer less developed countries. “The White Man’s Burden” was also popularized due to Social Darwinism, and it was the belief that white men needed to conquer other lands in order to make them better. Social Darwinism was common in Europe. SOCIAL -
Period: to
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
He was the Archduke of Austria who was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist along with his wife in 1914. His death initiated a chain of events that led to WWI, and was the catalyst for existing conflicts and tensions. He was the leader of Austria, but was killed during a visit to Sarajevo in Bosnia. -
Period: to
The Meiji Restoration Unit 5
The last shogun of Japan ruled until 1868. He was overthrown and the emperor took direct control over the nation. It restored Japan’s imperial systems. The Meiji Restoration was significant because it allowed for Japan to become an international power and allowed for it to modernize. Japan began to develop Western ideas and methods for their economy and society. This allowed them to industrialize. The feudal class and their privileges were also abolished. This took place in East Asia. POLITICAL -
Period: to
Adolf Hitler
He was a German dictator who rose to power as the leader of the Nazi party. He held facist, nationalistic, and racist ideals. He was one of the main factors in initiating WWII, and took a prominent role in it. He also caused the Holocaust, which killed as many as 6 million Jewish people in Germany. This took place in Germany and was an economic event. -
Period: to
Bolshevik Revolution
Leftist revolutionaries led by Lenin overthrew the monarchy and established a socialist government. The revolution led to the establishment of the communist party in the Soviet Union, and would inspire other countries, such as China, to take on communism. This took place in Russia and was a political event. -
Period: to
Influenza
This was a worldwide flu pandemic in 1918 that originated in Spain and infected 500 million people. It is thought of as one of the deadliest pandemics in history, and killed around 20 million people. It spread to the U.S. and Europe, and was an interaction between humans and the environment. -
Period: to
United Nations
An organization consisting of multiple countries dedicated to maintaining international peace and good relations. Many powerful countries are a part of the UN, and it has remained a strong intergovernmental organization. There were 193 members around the world. This is a political event. -
Period: to
Great Depression
This was a significant worldwide depression in the 1920’s, beginning in the U.S. This was the longest and most severe economic catastrophe in the West, and caused widespread unemployment, homelessness, hunger, and poverty. The Great Depression also led to changes in economic policies. The depression impacted the U.S. and Europe more severely, and was an economic event. -
Atomic Bomb
Developed by the U.S., it was a bomb that could cause mass destruction, and was dropped on two Japanese cities. The bomb was the most destructive large scale technology at the time, and the dropping of two bombs ended WWII but massacred 100,000 civilians. The U.S. first developed it, and dropped the bombs on Japan in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This was a political event. -
NATO
This is an organization formed after WWII which aims to protect joined nations’ freedoms. NATO helped reduce the chances of violent conflict in Europe after WWII, and was a large contributor in preventing the spread of Communism. European and American countries participated. This was a political event. -
Period: to
Space Race
This was a competition between the Soviet Union and the U.S. to create advanced space technology.
The race led to rapid inventions of space technology and world records. This also increased tensions greatly between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. This was a political event. -
Period: to
Great Leap Forward
Started by Mao Zedong, the plan aimed to improve China’s economy and change social structures and government. The plan failed and led to the Great Chinese Famine, where 15 to 55 million people died of starvation. This took place in China, and was an economic, social, and political event. -
1964 Civil Rights Act
An U.S. Act that prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, and national origin. This act was significant, as it prohibited segregation in the U.S, and made all citizens equal in the eyes of the law. This happened in the USA. This is a social event. -
Tiananmen Square
Chinese citizens protested in 1989 for more economic freedom and democracies. The massacre displayed how China represses citizens, and serves as a reminder to Chinese citizens to not speak out against the government. It took place in China. This is a political event. -
Fall of the Soviet Union
Many Soviet Union countries withdrew from the Union, eventually leaving only Russia, which dissolved the organization. This was significant, because it marked an end to Communist rule throughout Eastern Europe, and the U.S. no longer viewed communism as a looming threat. The Soviet Union was in Eastern Europe. This was a political event. -
Social Media
Apps that allow people to create, share, and connect with others. Social media has allowed people to communicate instantly, and access information and news around the world. This was available worldwide. This is a social event. -
Vaccine Use
In the 20th century, multiple vaccines were developed against common deadly diseases. New vaccines prevented deaths and infections of millions of people. They also eradicated multiple deadly diseases. They became available worldwide. This is a technological event.