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Period: 618 to 1279
Tang and Song Dynasties
The Tang Dynasty started in 618 in China and expanded Chinas west territory as well as conquered the Turks and revived Confucianism.The Tang Dynasty also used the civil service exam. The Song Dynasty then took over the Tang were Confucian gentry began to make Buddhists mad. The Song Dynasty brought in a lot of new inventions like the first movable type, gunpowder, iron, steel production, and textiles. Neo-Confuscianism was also created and popular in the Song Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty took over. -
Period: 750 to 1517
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate began in 750 and was a major dynasty that ruled over the Islamic Empire at its peak. The leader of Abbasids was called Caliphate. The Caliphate treated Non-Arabs as second class regardless if they converted to Islam. As a result of this cutting across faiths, the Umayyads were easily able to overthrow the Caliphate. While still in control, The Abbasid caliphate was able to invent algebra. -
Period: 800 to 1500
Feudalism in Europe
Feudalism in Europe lasted from 800 to 1500. Feudalism is a system of nobility that is shaped at a pyramid. The king is at the the top and had overall control. Right under the King are the nobles and then the Knights. Lastly are the peasants who have the least amount of power. This structure allowed Medieval Europe to have a society in which the land and labour could flourish. -
Period: 1200 to 1572
Mesoamerican Empires (Aztec and Inca)
The Aztec Empire began in 1200AD in Mexico. The Aztecs had there own tribute system and would take luxuries. The Aztecs also took families hostage and did sacrifices. The Incan Empire Lived in the Andes Mountains. They respect nature in religion and sacrificed beautiful children in the mountains. The sacrifice was supposed to be peaceful and keep the world from ending. Afterward, the Incas would mummify there dead and believed in an afterlife. The Spanish eventually conquered both Empires. -
Period: 1206 to 1555
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate, also known as Northern India today, was founded in 1206. They were established by central Asian Islamic Turks. The Delhi Sultanate didn't conquer all of India and is now called Pakistan. The sultanate also didn't force Islamic converts but if they didn't convert, the people would have to pay a tax called Jizya. The Delhi Sultanate eventually got overthrown by the Mughals around 1555. -
Period: 1206 to 1368
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire was the largest empire in history. The Empire represents the unification of Genghis Khan and his descendants. The Mongol Empire originated from the steppe of central asia and by its end spanned from the Pacific Ocean in the East and the Danube River and shores of the Persian Gulf in the West. At its peak it covered 9 million square miles. -
Period: 1230 to
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire was an Empire located in West Africa. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Musa Keita. The Mali Empire began in its capital city of Niani and became the largest empire in West Africa. After the death of Mansa Musa, no ruler was powerful enough to hold the vast empire together and the Mali empire desired to break into smaller states. -
Period: 1271 to 1368
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was established by the Mongols and ruled China from 1271-1368. Kublai Khan was the first emperor and completed the conquer of China. The Yuan Dynasty adopted Chinese practices, agriculture, Buddhism, and trade practices. The Dynasty abolished the Civil Service Exam which made the confucianists mad. The dynasty also moved the capital to Beijing. The First half of the Dynasty was great but the second was cursed with the plague and rebuilding. The Ming Dynasty wiped the Yuan out. -
Period: 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was a state of Caliphate that controlled most of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. The Empire was founded in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman I. The Ottomans had great advances in Art, Science, and Medicine. The Ottomans were ended by the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople. -
Period: 1300 to
European Renaissance
The European Renaissance was a period in European history that marked the transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity. The Renaissance caused a great social change that allowed for more arts, literature, and philosophy. The Renaissance also allowed for great artists such as Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo to be discovered. The European Renaissance originated from Italy and had a lot of new advances in sculptures. Almost very famous artwork and artist is from the Renaissance. -
Period: 1347 to 1353
The Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague in Europe was also known as the Black Plague. The Plague began in China and spread through the Silk Road and through warfare from dead bodies. The disease looked like spot of buobels the size of eggs or apples and began in the armpit. Once somebody was diagnosed with it they were give a week to live. This Plague killed 25-45% of Europe. People began to lose their faith in christianity and believed these were the end times of God's wrath. as a result Feudalism was weakened. -
Period: 1368 to
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty was the ruling Dynasty of China from 1368-1644 until the Yuan Dynasty took over it. The MIng Dynasty was the last imperial Dynasty in China and was ruled by Han Chinese. During this time period China's population doubled. The MIng Dynasty is known for its trade expansion to the outside world that would establish cultural ties to the west. The Ming Dynasty is also known for its advances in literature and also its porcelain production. -
Period: 1400 to
Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration is a the marking point of overseas exploration. The three main reasons for the Exploration was Gold, God, and Glory. During this time period The Americas and many other lands unknown until the 15th century were found. Explorers such as Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, Vasco Da Gama, John Cabot, Jacques Cartier, and etc. -
Period: 1492 to
Spanish Colonial Empire
The Spanish Colonial Empire, also known as the Hispanic Monarchy and Catholic Monarchy, was one of the largest empires in history. The Empire was " The Empire on which the sun never sets". Beginning with Christoper Columbus in the Caribbean, the Spanish Empire reached across Caribbean islands, half of South America, most of Central America, and much of North America. -
Period: 1501 to
Portuguese Trading Post Empire
The Portuguese in the 16th and 17th century created Trading Post all across the Indian Ocean to control Trade. The Trading post also allowed for the spread of knowledge to flow through the Asian waters to other nations. The trading posts would force merchants to stop at trading posts and pay duties there. -
Period: 1501 to
Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade was a trading system for slaves going from Africa to the Americas. The Trade route was triangular shaped and was mainly referred to as the Middle Passage. The Trade system began when Portugal and other European kingdoms were able to expand overseas and reach africa. The Route would start in the Americas and take goods back to Portugal and Spain for the European kingdoms, then would travel to Africa to pick up slaves to go back to the Americas and produce goods for Europe -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
The Reformation took place right after the European Renaissance and questioned many traditional theories in the church. Martin Luther began this movement when the Catholic church began to sell indulgances and he posted his 95 theses on the door of the Castle Church of Wittenburg, Germany. The greed and scandals of the Clergy created a wedge between them and the peasants. At the time the 95 theses and other pieces from Martin Luther were able to spread so quickly because of the printing press. -
Period: 1526 to
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an early modern Empire that controlled most of South Asia. The Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan. The Mughals consolidated Islam in South Asia and spread Muslim arts and culture as well as the faith. Their first emperor was Babur. The Mughals were eventually defeated in 1857 after the Martha Wars. The Martha Wars were between the Mughal and Martha Empires. The Martha's defeated the Mughals in Delhi. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa Shogunate, which is also known as Edo Bakufu, was the feudal military government of Japan during the Edo period. The Tokugawa Shogunate defined modern Japanese history by centralizing the power of the nation's government and uniting its people. Tokugawa Leyasu established the Tokugawa Shogunate. During this time Japan chose to close off westernizing influences such as Christianity. In 1668 Emperor Meiji took control over the country of Japan. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The Qing Dynasty was a era noted for its initial prosperity and for being a Dynasty that was not ruled by Han people. This was only the second time a Dynasty wasn't ruled by the Han people. The Qing conquered the Eastern and Western Mongols, Tibet, and Xinjinag. The Qing were also successful in their ability to infuse Chinese culture and Manchu culture. -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an European intellectual movement that redefined concepts on God, reason, nature, and humanity worldwide. During the Enlightenment there was a rise of Deism which is the idea that God exists but doesn't interact supernaturally with the World. Also many ideas of liberalism, republicanism, conservatism, toleration and scientific process. Philosophers also began to believe that people were selfish and greedy. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a time period of transitions in manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States. During the Revolution people began to manufacture goods in large factories than in small shops and homes. This shift allowed for more people to move out of rural areas to big cities in order to work. New advances in Agriculture such as the cotton gin, Railroad, and electricity also changed the society. Urbanization was significantly increased. -
Period: to
American Revolution
The American Revolution was a colonial revolt on Great Britain. The Thirteen American Colonies defeated the British with the assistance of France. The Colonies won their independence and created the United States of America. The Revolution first began because Britain was putting taxes on things such as sugar or stamps on the American people. The American Revolution inspired many other Colonies to rebel against their mother countries. -
Period: to
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a time period in which the social and political views in France and its colonies changed. The people of France began to overthrow the monarchy and took control of the government. The middle class began to rise in France and Napoleon took charge of the revolution. The main three reasons for the French Revolution were liberty, equality, and fraternity. The revolution brought a end to many Feudal or traditional laws and practices. King Louis XVI was executed in 1793. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution was a successful insurrection by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule and it was inspired by the American Revolution. The revolution ended slavery in Haiti and also ended French control over the colony. The new government embraced the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. -
Period: to
Tanzimat Reforms
The Tanzimat reforms were in place during the Ottoman Empire and had a desire to modernize and consolidate political and social foundations of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans used this reform to try and stop themselves from losing power. Although the Reforms were meant to halt the decline of the Empire, they were only partially successful in doing so and the Empire still began to fall apart. -
Period: to
Opium Wars
The Opium Wars were two wars which were waged between the Great Qing and the British Government. Opium had been used in traditional Chinese medicine for a long time before the British came, mostly to treat disease. Therefore the Qing were triggered by the British Government's imposition of the opium trade. In the end China's Qing Dynasty lost both of the Opium wars and the British Government once again won. -
Period: to
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion was a revolt against the Qing dynasty in China, fought with religious conviction over regional economic conditions. The Taiping Rebellion began in the southern province of Guangxi when local officials launched a campaign of religious persecution against the God Worshipping Society. The Rebellion was also known as a massive civil war. The Taiping Rebellion finally collapsed after the Qing Dynasty defeated the Taipings. -
Period: to
Sepoy Mutiny
The Sepoy Mutiny was a brutal and bloody uprising against British rule in India. The rebellion was unsuccessful but was widespread and was the first war of independence. The war began in Meerut by indian troops in the service of the British East India Company. It then spread into Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow. The Rebellion caused a wedge between the Muslim and Hindu soldiers. It also lead to and increase in the power of the East India Company. -
Meiji Restoration
The Meiji Restoration was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan under Emperor Meiji. This event brought out the final demise of the Tokugawa Shogunate thus ending the Edo period. The Restoration began because Japan's feudal system was falling apart, and factions were growing. Reinstating a Emperor legitimized the movement and allowed the people of Japan to unify once again and have old tradition restored. -
Period: to
Scramble For Africa
The Scramble for Africa was the invasion, division and colonization of African territory by European powers during a short time period known as the New Imperialism. The reasons for African colonization were mainly economic, political, and religious. During the colonization, there was an economic depression in Europe. Many powerful countries such as Germany, France, and Great Britain were losing money while all still trying to get the most of Africa. -
Period: to
Berlin Conference
The Berlin Conference regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. Many countries such as Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway, Turkey, and the United States of America were all in the conference. During the conference the leaders also agreed to allow free trade among the colonies.