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Founding of Jamestown
Jamestown was Great Britain's first successful colony in the Americas. It was created for the Virginia Company to get profit and revenue. The first settlers struggled greatly through the winter, but thanks to their farming of tobacco, soon became successful. Great Britain convinced women to come to Jamestown with the promise of acres of land and potential husbands, called the headlight system. -
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Mercantilism/Salutary Neglect
Mercantilism in the colonies was an economic practice in which England established the colonies to provide raw materials to the Mother Country and the colonies received manufactured goods in return.Salutary neglect is a term that refers to the 17th-18th century British Crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England. [Link text](goo.gl/CW2NmF) -
Pilgrims/Puritans
John Winthrop was a puritan man with the idea of an ideal puritan society called the City on a hill. There was no religious tolerance, although they have a great puritan work ethic that said they worked as worship for god. The Mayflower Compact was an agreement between the puritans with Great Britain that said they were allowed to govern themselves. The Half-way covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church. -
Bacon's Rebellion
Bacon rebelled with indentured servants against the government for not protecting them from the Natives and their attacks. This ended when Bacon died of Dysentery. -
Deism
Deism is the idea that God created earth and humans, but allows humans to make their own decisions and does not interfere. -
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Great Awakening
The Great Awakening is a term that refers to a number of periods of religious revival in American Christian history (18th century.) Colonists were finally able to step out from under the protectorate of the established Christian churches and assert religious control over their own nation’s destiny. [Link text](goo.gl/3oSUyf) -
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French and Indian War effects
Because there was great war debts on Britain, they began to tax their American colonies, ending their salutary neglect. Some of these texts included the stamp act, tea act, and intolerable acts. The Proclamation Line of 1763 was a line drawn by Britain that said colonists could not move past the Appalachian mountains (into Native territory.) This increased tension between the colonists and the Natives as colonists moved west anyway. [Link text](goo.gl/W2TESc) -
Andrew Jackson (1767-1845)
President Jackson hated American Natives and this led to their eventual displacement with the Trail of Tears. He also expanded suffrage to most white males. He despised the Bank of US and destroyed it and made separated the remains into pet banks. -
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Revolutionary War
The revolutionary War was the war fought against the British by the American colonists for their independence. A great benefactor in this war was France. France not only financially supported the Americans in this war, but also brought over great generals such as Marquis de Lafayette. Without their help, the colonists would not have had the men or supplies to to with the war and their independence. [Link text](goo.gl/Ku43qH) -
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Hamilton economic policies
Alexander Hamilton made the BUS to handle the war debt and to create a standard form of currency. Jeffersonian ideals rejected the BUS and increased the differences in political parties. [Link text](goo.gl/gbvkH9) -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence contains all the grievances of the American colonists and its purpose was to declare the need of independence from Britain. -
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Articles of Confederation
Under the Articles, was too weak to enforce their laws and therefore had no power. Shays’ Rebellion is the name given to a series of protests in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt. The Articles didn't give the government the power to squash the rebellion which led to the Constitution. [Link text](goo.gl/yVj8Gg) -
British Violations of Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris established that Britain had to remove all its troops from American soil. However, the British maintained their forts in the west and become allies with the natives eventually leading to future disputes. -
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Land Ordinance of 1785; Land Ordinance of 1787
The Land Ordinance of 1785 set up a standardized system whereby settlers could purchase title to farmland in the undeveloped west. A township could then be subdivided into a number of rectangular parcels of individually owned land. [Link text](goo.gl/tNcc3W) -
Constitution
The Constitution strengthened the federal government by creating an executive branch, or President It was difficult to ratify because the strange voting was of the Articles of Confederation. The North supported and the south didn't. Some major amendments to it include the addition of the Bill of Rights. -
Bill of Rights
The purpose of the Bill of Rights was to establish our natural rights as American citizens and to appease the South's need for more power to the people. It's timing was important because the states ratified the constitution. -
Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney was the inventor of the cotton gin, which impacted American History greatly. The cotton gin allowed for great economic growth from farming in the south as well as an eventual increase in slavery.The interchangeable parts of Whitney's machine made it easy to be reproduced in a factory. -
Washington's Neutrality Proclamation
The Neutrality Proclamation was an announcement by President George Washington that declared the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to any country at war. -
Washington's Farewell Address
Washington resigned from office after his second term. On September 19, 1796, he published his Farewell Address to the nation. The main idea of the address was a warning to American citizens of the dangers of political parties. -
Founding Fathers attitude toward political parties
Founding Fathers did not anticipate or desire the existence of political parties, viewing them as "factions" dangerous to the public interest. Especially George Washington warned the U.S of how political parties would split the nation in his farewell speech. -
Alien and Sedition Act
The Alien and Sedition Act (by John Adams) said that anyone who spoke against the government was to be punished and that no immigrants could come to the U.S. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were protests against the limitations on civil liberties in the Alien and Sedition Act, -
Election of 1800
Significance: this was the first peaceful transition of power of presidents in American history -
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson bought the Western land of America from Napoleon for $2 million dollars for the purpose of expanding the use of agriculture. -
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury was appointed to be a judge, Madison (Jefferson's secretary of state) refused to pass on his appointment papers. This ruling established judicial review which allows the supreme court to declare laws unconstitutional. -
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Lowell System
The Lowell System was a system of factories in the North of the United States that depended on a female work company and cheap labor. This helped the textile industry in America flourish during the 19th century. [Link text](goo.gl/qrGyWX) -
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War of 1812
The U.S. became active in the war of 1812 due to British and French impressment of American ships going to trade with Europe. [Link text](goo.gl/TdjRBM) -
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Hartford Convention
The Hartford Convention was held by the last remaining federalists in the North during the War of 1812. During this convention, the federalists listed all the grievances to the government and were ignored. This led to the death of the Federalist party. [Link text](goo.gl/2EExcw) -
American System/Clay-Whig policies
The American System was a plan to strengthen and unify the nation, and was supported by the Whig Party. One branch of the American System was the building of canals to facilitate transportation of goods by boat. This didn't really effect the south leading to the growth sectionalist tensions. -
Compromise of 1820/Missouri Compromise
The purpose of the compromise of 1820 was the admitting of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, as well as prohibiting slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36/30 attitude line. This made all the states in the west in the shape of rectangles and squares. -
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Cult of Domesticity
The cult of domesticity, (the cult of true womanhood) is the idea that women should stay at home and should not do any work outside of the home. This ideology also strongly discouraged women from obtaining education. [Link text](goo.gl/VHgjzL) -
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Irish Immigration
As Europeans began immigrating to America, some American citizens become upset about their working for little pay (stealing jobs.) The people that thought like this became known as the know-nothing (nativist) party. [Link text](goo.gl/3t7kV9) -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine essentially said that Europe could not try to colonize any part of America without facing consequences from the United States. This had no real effect other than giving the American citizens a feeling of great nationalism. The Monroe Doctrine really made an impact with the Roosevelt corollary which was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine by President Theodore Roosevelt. The Roosevelt corollary had real threat backing it, unlike the original. -
Tariff of Abominations/Nullification crisis
Jackson signed into law a tariff that raised the cost of living in the south because it was a tax on the goods from the North. Vice President John Calhoun resigned due to the tariff. This led to increased sectionalist tensions and later secession of South Carolina. -
William Lloyd Garrison
In 1830 Garrison started an abolitionist paper called the Liberator. -
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Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern United States. It arose as a reaction to or protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality at the time. [Link text](goo.gl/d5xWeu) -
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Emerson, Cooper and other early 19th century authors
Early 19th century American writers wrote about romanticism in America, and many were transcendentalists. [Link text](goo.gl/ALN9vn) -
Mexico
James Polk won the Election of 1844 with his favor of the annexation of Texas. Whig policy turned against foreign policy. -
Manifest Destiny
Whig policy: Opposed Manifest Destiny
Democratic policies: Supported Manifest Destiny -
Seneca Falls Convention
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony were advocates of women's rights and Women's suffrage. They were the creators of the Seneca Falls Convention where the Declaration of Sentiments was written. -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
This Treaty ended the Mexican-American War in favor of the U.S. This gave the US the rest of the territory in the west in present day America. -
Compromise of 1850
In Henry Clay's Compromise of 1850, California came into the United States as a free state and in order to appease the South a more strict fugitive slave law was created. -
Popular Sovereignty
President Douglas applied popular sovereignty to Kansas in the Kansas Nebraska Act which passed Congress in 1854. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas- Nebraska Act allowed people in Kansas and Nebraska use popular sovereignty to decide whether or not to allow slavery in their states' borders. This act repealed the Missouri compromise which prohibited slavery north of the 36/30 line. -
Dred Scott case
Dred Scott was a slave that was trying to sue his owner's widow to gain his freedom. He won his suit in lower court but the Missouri supreme court reversed the decision. In the Supreme court, the Southern majority ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. This increased tension surrounding the issue of slavery in the North. -
John Brown
John Brown was an abolitionist that tried to initiate an armed slave revolt in Harper's Ferry. The reaction in the south was anger and the reaction in the north was shock -
Lincoln/Republican policy on Slavery in 1860
Lincoln expressed public opposition to slavery. He stood by the Republican Party's platform in 1860 that stated slavery shouldn't be allowed to spread into any more territories. This led to the secession of 11 slave states out of the United State. -
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Civil War
The South's opposition of Abraham Lincoln's presidency as well as the growing tensions regarding slavery led to the Civil War. Strengths: North had more men, better industry to create supplies; the south had good generals. Weaknesses: North had low supply of food, South: not a lot of men fighting, lack of supplies. Foreign affairs: the south was not supported by countries in europe. [LInk text](goo.gl/XCwmQJ) -
Emancipation Proclamation
The purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation was to encourage the south to rejoin the union. If the south did not come back to the union, "all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
