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Jamestown
Settlers from England came in search of freedom and employers of the Virginia Company.
John Rolfe introduced tobacco to Jamestown and helped to make it become a sucessful export for Virginia.
With tobacco growing Jamestown was in need of workers so they used the headright system to attract settlers.
The headright system is a land grant that is given to settlers which is about 50 acres per person. -
Mayflower Compact
This was the first governing document signed by the Pilgrams of Plymouth. This was used to set up a legal basis for the colony.
The Halfway convenant was created to help church membership in 1662. Reverand Solomon Stoddard felt that the colonists were drifting away from their religion. -
Pilgrams and Puritans
Pilgrams and the Puritains helped to settle colonies in America after they imigrated here because they wanted religious freedom.
The pilgrams were seperatists while the puritans were not.
City on a Hill was stated by John Winthrop and it is to make sure that they are an example to follow.
Even though they were seeking freedom they did not practice tolerance in the New World because they believed their religion was the only right one. -
Salutary Neglect
Salutary Neglect was when the British allowed the colonists to govern themselves. The British did not try to tell them what to do instead they just looked away. Merchantilism is when the British put restrictions on how the colonies spent their money so that they could regulate the economy. -
Bacons Rebellion
This was a rebellion of Virginian settlers led by Nathanial Bacon against the governor William Berkeley.
Indentured servants and slaves joined in on this rebellion.
Indians were attacking on the frontier and the Governor refused to retailiate so Bacon rebeled. -
The Great Awakening
This was a time where revitalization amoung the colonies became popular. This provokes relogious enthusiasm with a lot more attendance, -
Deism
This states that God created the universe but remains apart from in through laws. Religious truth should be subject to the authority of human reason. http://www.religioustolerance.org/deism.htm -
French and Indian War Effects
The British Lord Loudouin and the French Marquis de Montcalm declared war on each other in 1756 and natives were exploited on both sides. From here on salutary neglect ends as navigation acts are passed. This is when the Britished stopped letting the colonists govern themselves. The acts were poorly enforced. The British wanted to get money from the colonists to help pay for the French and Indian war debt. -
Proclamation and Navigation Acts
The proclamation act of 1763 was passed and it was an imaginary line along the applachian mountains where colonists can not pass the line. This was not very sucessful because it was hard to enforce. This wasn a effort to keep colonists from migrating. Other acts were passsed to try to end salutary neglect. The stamp act was a direct tax on all printed materials. The currency act was used to try to regulate paper money. The quartering act and sugar act were also put into place. -
Revolutionary War
This was caused by the Declaration of Independence and it involved Great Britian and its 13 North American colonies. The French entered the war on the American side and aided it with its navy. This assistance helped the Americans to win and officially declare their independence. -
Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson was the father of the Declaration of Independence. The purpose of it was to declare the seperation of America from Great Britian. The colonists did not want Britian to control their lives in the colonies so they declared independence from all of the acts that were being passed. This resulted in the revolutionary war. -
Articles of Confederation
This document was like America's first constitution that would set up the country. It created a weak central government that did not allow the states to have a say on what happens. All 13 states had to agree upon the Articles. But it was very strict in that all 13 had to agree to amend. Shays rebellion was farmers protesting against taxes because they were in debt. -
Treaty of Paris
This was signed by both Britain and America to end the revolutionary war. Both sides violated this especially Britian during the chaos of the aftermath of the war. Britian soldiers did not abandon their property and there was no clearly defined boundary of Florida. -
Land Ordinance
1785: The U.S. government would sell acres for $1 in the West. This profit helped to pay off debt.
1787: The area north of Ohio was divided into 3-5 territories where they could have a governor, secretary, judges, and legislature. http://www.britannica.com/topic/Northwest-Ordinances -
Constitution
The constitution strengthened the national government through being able to tax the colonists so it was able to get more funding. Also a checks and balance system was put into place to make sure that all of the branches of government have the same amount of control. Antifederalists opposed the ratification of the constitution so the Bill of Rights was added to gain support from them. -
Founding Fathers & Political Parties
The founding fathers were against the formation of political parties. Many were republicans and they believed that these political parties would only create divison. But sure enough only a little while after ratification political parties started to form. Founding Fathers believed that they would take away from the common good. http://www.shmoop.com/political-parties/founding-fathers-political-parties.html -
Hamiltons Economic Policies
Hamilton proposed economic policies to help pay off both domestic and foreign debts. Taxation was proposed by him to help get more funding for the government. Also Hamilton proposed the national bank of the U.S. to enhance economic activity. His economic policies favored servants and helped to reduce the high tariffs. http://www.ushistory.org/us/18b.asp http://www.ushistory.org/us/18b.asp -
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments of the constituion were the Bill of Rights. They were used to gain support from the antifederalists who opposed the ratification of the constitution. The Bill of Rights protected the individuals and gave them their freedoms. -
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Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney created the cotton gin and its interchangeable parts. This effected farming because it created a faster mass production of cotton. Now cotton production was not as reliant on slaves because a sinlge slave can produce a lot more cotton than before. The cotton is easier to clean and it eventually becomes the South's major source of income with it being 2/3 of all exports. Texttile mills in the North increased also. http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/cotton_gin/pages/reading.html -
Neutrality Proclamation
This was issued by George Washington and it stated that the United States would take no part in any war between two leading nations. (Especially France and Britian) The U.S. military force was too small at the time to gte involved with any war so Washington did not want to risk it. The United States would remain neutral during this time. -
Washingtons Farewell Address
This address was written by George Washington to the American citizens near the end of his second term before he retired. He urges the citizens to become united and to stay with the union as their independence was very important. He also warns them of the dangers of political parties. Washington also informs the people about how important the governement was and that they should be suspicious of anyone who tries to go against it. This speech was to unite the country before Washington retired. -
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Alien and Sedition Acts
John Adams passed the Alien and Sedition acts. The Alien Acts gave the president the power to deport any alien during peacetime or if they have any ties to the U.S. enemies. The sedition acts allows the president to define treason and this was especiallty targeted at newspapers and pamphelets. The Kentucky and Virrgina resolves went againts these acts and extended the powers of the federal government. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/adams-passes-first-of-alien-and-sedition-acts -
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American System
The American System was set up by Henry Clay (apart of the whig party) and it was an economic plan with a protective tariff, a national bank, and transportation improvements. The north improved from the transportation advancements but most of the time the south was left out which created a imbalance. This plan was meant to promote development and unite the country more. http://www.history.com/topics/henry-clay -
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Cult of Domesticity
The Cult of Domesticity is a viewpoint of what roles women should have during the 1800s. They believe that women should stay at home and take care of household chores. This sets up the gender roles amoungst men and women at the time. http://study.com/academy/lesson/cult-of-domesticity-definition-significance.html -
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Lowell System
The Lowell system was put into place in the United States to help reduce child labor. Young women would work in textile mills and used mainly in the North. Now instead of women working at home they are now working in industry and manufactoring jobs. https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-market-revolution-1815-1840-13/the-industrial-revolution-110/the-lowell-system-595-2335/ -
Election of 1800
This election is also known as the Revolution of 1800. Vice president Thomas Jefferson defeated president John Adams. This was the first time that there was a shift of political parties power peacefully. After this election the Federalists were not in power but the Democratic-Republicans were. http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/why-was-election-1800-such-major-turning-point-107461 -
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Authors of the early 19th century
Emerson led the transcendentalist movement and wrote many essays about freedom and individuality. Cooper romanticiszed the frontier and indian lifestyles. The authors of the early 19th centruy helped to influence the life of the citizens and help them to imagine life in new ways. http://history1800s.about.com/od/authors/tp/Notable-Authors-Of-The-19th-Century.htm -
Marbury v. Madison
James Madison refused to give Marbury his commission and Marbury went to the Supreme Court with his case. The Supreme Court ruled that Marbury had the right to his commission but Madison did not have to give it to him. This was the first time that the Supreme Court used judicial review that was implied to be used through the constitution. From here on out the Supreme Court uses judical review. -
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson was president at the time and bought this land for $15 million dollars and it doubled the size of the United States. Napoleon had threatened to block America from using the Port of New Orleans but that changed when he needed money to pay off war debts. A negotiation was made and Jefferson was able to buy the territory. This also helped with Jeffersons plan to expand westward. -
War of 1812
The cause of this war is impressment. British men still occupied ports and America wanted Canada. Britian was still trying to control our trade even though we already declared independence. Many American ships were impessed by the British navy also. -
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Hartford Convention
The New England Federalist party met to talk about thier grievences over the war of 1812. Some problems were the federal governments rising power and how to balance it. During it removal of the 3/5 act was discussed and in place of it make it a majority rules vote to make decisions in Congress. http://connecticuthistory.org/the-hartford-convention-today-in-history/ -
The Compromise of 1820
This compromise, also known as the Missouri Compromise, was set into place for new states coming into the union. The 36 30 line is put into place and any state admitted to the north of the line will be a free state and any state below the line will be a slave state. This helped to keep the balance of free and slave states throughout the union. This was in effect for 30 years. Missouri was the only exception and it was admitted as a slave state. -
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Transcendentalism
This is a philosophical movement that developed as a rejection of traditional relogion. It revolved around individualism and greatly influenced literature. https://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/topics/transcendentalism-religion-and-utopian-movements/ -
Monroe Doctrine
This was also known as "America's Self Defense Doctrine". This is a warning to other countries not to colonize or intervene in America. The British navy was used and relied on by the U.S. incase any country did not follow this doctrine. The European powers were the main focus of this because Monroe wanted to make sure they respected the western hemisphere as the United States territory. President Theodore Roosevelt added the Roosevelt Corollory to it stating that the U.S. will intervene. -
Tariff of Abomination/ Nullification Crisis
This is a protective tariff passed by Congress to protect the northern industries from low priced imports by taxing them. This made it difficult for Britian to get the cotton from the south and the south, especially South Carolina, reacted by the Nullification Crisis. South Carolina stated that the traiff was unconsitutional and null. This picture shows the growth of the North in the expesne of the south through taxes and declines in economic production. -
Jacksons Indian Policies
During Andrew Jackson's presidency he reloacted over 100,000 natives. In the Indian removal act Jackson wanted open land for white settlers and the natives could either assimilate into society but the natives wanted to govern themselves. Many natives were forced out of their homeland and on the trail of tears 4,000 died. This was the journey from their homeland to Oklahoma where they were to be reloacted. Many families spilt up during this journey. -
William Lloyd Garrison
Garrison was the voice of abolitionism. He published the Liberator that was read by thousands about how immoral slavery was. He became the voice of the anti-slavery movement through the Liberator. He also formed the American Anti-slavery Society with other delegates. About 75% of the readers of the Liberator were African Americans. He believed that if Americans saw how immoral it was then they would be promted to join against slavery. -
Bank war
Jackson vetoed the charter to renew the National Bank. He supported hard money like gold and silver instead of paper money. In October of 1833 he declared that federal funds will no longer be deposited into the National Bank. Instead Jackson made federal deposits into state banks also known as Pet Banks. His secretary was fired for not following this and he also called in all loans to created a panic. -
Mexico and the election of 1844
James K. Polk won against Henry Clay. Since Polk supported the annexation of Texas and won the support from Democrats. Henry Clay who was apart of the Whig party opposed the annexation of Texas. Mexico had a disupted border with the United States and did not follow through with its threat to declare war if the United States annexed Texas. -
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Manifest Destiny
This is an idea of American citizens that it is their God-given right to expand westward. Many were looking for a new freedom and new opportunities. Slavery became an issue when new states were admitted into the Union because it was desputed whether or not the state should be free or slave. This became a major influence on citizens to settle and move. But this also created the problem with Mexico and Native American removal. http://www.ushistory.org/us/29.asp -
Irish Immigration
The potatoe blight in Ireland destroyed the Irish economy and created a famine. Many were forced to emigrate and many chose to go to North America. The Irish immigrants were poor and were at the bottom of the society. The Know-Nothing party grew and were strongly against immigration. They felt that the immigrants were competition and could take away their jobs. -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
This is a peace treaty between the United States and the Mexico Republic. This brought the official end to the Mexico-American war. Mexico surrendered when its capital fell and its army was defeated. The U.S. had to pay $15 million to Mexico and it was able to gain ownership of a large area in the west. -
Seneca Falls Convention
This was the first ever women's rights convention held in New York to discuss the rights and conditions of women. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a main leader of the convention. Here the woment created "The Declaration of Sentiments" and set up a list of equal rights between women and men. They wanted voting and education rights amoung other things. -
Compromise of 1850
This compromise was a colloaboration of different laws to help settled the free and slave state disputes. California was admitted as a free state as Washington D.C. ended the slave trade. But to make the south content the south was allowed to have stricter fugitive slave laws so that the south could have tighter control on its slaves. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
This act by congress allowed the people of Kansas and Nebraska to vote themselves whether or not the state would allow slavery. This opposed the Missouri Compromise that set up the 36'30 line where nothern states were free and southern ones were not. But this became a problem when people from all over the nation came to vote and riots broke out. -
Popular Sovereignty
This is the viewpoint that the people should determine themselves what their government should be. This was important when trying to determine if a state was to be free or slaved. Stephen A. Douglas popularized this idea and stated that the people should have the ability to vote on the status of their state. -
Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott traveled with his owner to Illinois, which is a free state, and once his owner died he was living as a free man. He wanted to sue for his freedom but this backfired and the Supreme Court says that he has no right to sue because he is only property and not a citizen. The Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional now because there is no restriction to expansion of slavery. The North was outraged by this decision. -
John Brown and Harpers Ferry
John Brown was a white man who was an abolishionist who led a slave revolt on Harpers Ferry in Virginia, which was an arsonal. He led 20 men and his sons to attack this arsonal but no slaves joined him. This revolt ended with John Brown being trapped inside of the arsonal and was taken to jail to be hung. The North viewed John Brown as a hero but the South viewed him as a murderer. -
Lincoln as President
Lincoln was elected as the first republican president right before the start of the Civil War. The Republican platform had a different plan to gain the support from all different citizens throughout the nation. Once Lincoln won many saw him as king while others saw him as a threat that would abolish slavery. In 1860 South Carolina suceeded because it believed that its rights were taken away and that slavery would be too. But no one thought that a war would happen since the north relied on cotton -
Civil War Details
The North had far more advantages than the south because of industry, population, transportation, and supplies. But the North was firing in unfamiliar land and Lincoln had trouble finding a good general. The South had Robert E. Lee and was in familiar soil but they were not very populated and had limited suppiles. -
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Civil War
Fort Sumter was the 1st battle of the American Civil War. Northern soldiers were trapped and Lincoln sent supplies to help them and the south fires upon the soldiers. This shows that Lincoln was not the one to start the war. The civil war was caused by sectionalism between the North and South especially over slavery. http://www.historynet.com/causes-of-the-civil-war -
Emancipatipon Proclamation
Abraham issued the emancipation proclamation that stated that all saves in the confederacy were now free. Border slaves were able to keep their slaves at the time because they were a big advantage to the North. Now as these slaves became free they joined the Union to fight against the confederacy. This changed what the war was about, which is a moral war to end slavery. Britain would not want to fight with a slave state so overall the North recieved huge support through this.
