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Lexington and Concord
On April 18, 2012 british troops came marching in to Concord and destroyed the colonists supplies and killed eight colonists. On their way to march to Boston british troops were attacked and 250 of their men were kiled by "amatuer fighters." -
Second Continental Congress
The Congrss was divided into two groups ; one group who wanted to declare independance and another that wanted to negoiate peace with Great Britain. After meeting for a year the congress began to favor independance and started to introduce the Decleration of Independance. -
Battle at Bunker Hill
This battle was between the British and the colonists at Breed's Hill. The British troops managed to take over the hill , but the Americans considered the battle as a vitory because of the heavy British casulties. -
Olive Branch Petition
The colonists sent England the "Olive Branch Petition" that said they would remain loyal to Great Britain, but they demanded that their rights be protected and to intercede with Parliment to secure peace. Great Britain dismissed the colonies petition and responded with Parliaments Prohibitary Act which decalred the colonies in a rebellion. -
Common Sense
Common Sense was a pamplet written by Thomas Paine that inspired the colonies to demand indepedence from Great Britain. Thomas Paine believed that it was contrary to common sense for a small distant country to rule a large country and for people to obey the rules of a king who's government was corrupt and laws unreasonable. -
Decleration of Independance
Henry Lee came up with a resolution declaring the colonies to be independant. A committe created a document called the Decleration of Independance that supported Lee's resolution and it became adopted on July, 4 1776. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution in America. The document had a lot of problems , but it was mostly known at the first attempt of a centrailized government. -
Battle of Saratoga
The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point for the Colonies because they superised British Troops in Saratoga and forced them to surrender. Because of this win , France decided to become America's ally which helped the colonies tremendously. -
Battle of Yorktown
The Battle of Yorktown was the last major battle of the American Revolution. The American troops were lead by George Washington and he forced the surrender of a large British army. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
In 1783 the treaty of Paris was signed by Great Britain that ended the American Revolution. Great Britain compromised with the Colonies giving them their independance and their rights. -
Shay's Rebellion
Poor farmers led an uprising in Massachusetts againest high state taxes, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper money. The uprising was quickly ended , but it showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. -
Northwest Ordiance
In between the great lakes and Ohio the congress passed an ordiance law that set rules for allowing for new states. This land ordiance granted a limited self government and prohibited slavery. -
Consitutional Convention
It was in Philadelphia, Penn in 1787 to address the problems that were growing under the Articles of Confederation. The Virginia Plan was James Madison’s plan for solving the issue of whether larger states should be more represented in Congress. It favored large states. The New Jersey plan countered the Virginia Plan in the issue of states’ representation in congress and favored small states.The Great Compromise, Compromised the New Jersey and Virginia plan by proposing a 2-house congress, wher -
Judiciary Act
This act established a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices. The Supreme court was the highest court and ruled on the decisions made by state courts. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was the refusal of a group of farmers to pay the federal excise tax on whiskey. The farmers refused to pay the tax because they were defending their “liberties.” Washington responded with 15,000 state militia and placed them under the command of Alexander Hamilton. Fortunately, there wasn’t any casualties on either side. -
Chisholm v. Georgia (1793)
In 1777 the Executive council of Georgia authorized the purchase of needed supplies from a South Carolina congressman. After receiving the supplies, Georgia didn’t deliver payments as promised. Alexander Chisholm took this case to court in an attempt to collect the money from the state. Georgia clamied that it was a soverign state not subject to the authority of federal courts. -
XYZ affair
Many americans were angered when they heard that U.S. merchant ships were being seized by French warships and privateers. To solve this issue, Adams sent a delegation to negotiate with the French government. French ministers known only as X , Y, Z requested bribes as the basis for entering negotiations. Americans were outraged by this and wanted to declare war , but Adams refused claiming that the Navy and Army wasn’t strong enough yet. -
Alien and sedation Acts
Public anger against France strengthen the Federalist Party. They won a majority of seats in both houses and enacted numerous laws. One of the laws was called the Alien and Sedition Acts. These acts prevented newspaper editors from criticizing the President or the Congress. -
Revolution of 1800
During 1800, Republicans took control of both the House and senate when a new congress met in 1801. It’s called the Revolution of 1800 because the Federalist Party accepted their defeat and it was the transition from Federalist control to Democratic- Republican control. -
Louisiana purchase
Purchase of the territory encompassing 15 current U.S. states was under the presidency of Thomas Jefferson (1803). The sale of the territory by Spain back to France in 1800 went largely unnoticed. Holding fear of a future French attack on American soil, Jefferson kept any thoughts of invasion under wraps. In 1801, Napoleon sent a military force to secure New Orleans. -
Marbury vs. Madison
It was a landmark in the US Supreme Court because it forms a basis for the judicial view of the US. It helped define the main boundary line between the executive and judicial branches of the government. It occurred in February 1803. -
Embargo Act
Enacted in response to British and French mistreatment of American merchants, the Act banned the export of all goods from the United States to any foreign port. The embargo placed great strains on the American economy while only marginally affecting its European targets, and was therefore repealed in 1809. -
Nonintercourse Act
Passed alongside the repeal of the Embargo Act, it reopened trade with all but the two belligerent nations, Britain and France. The Act continued Jefferson's policy of economic coercion, still with little effect. -
Macon's Bill No. 2
Aimed at resuming peaceful trade with Britain and France, the act stipulated that if either Britain or France repealed its trade restrictions, the United States would reinstate the embargo against the nonrepealing nation. When Napoleon offered to lift his restrictions on British ports, the United States was forced to declare an embargo on Britain, thereby pushing the two nations closer toward war. -
Fletcher v. Peck
The Main issue between Fletcher and Peck was that they were arguing is a law that negates all property rights established under an earlier law considered unconstitutional. -
War of 1812
An unexpected war between Britain and the U.S. which was caused by the continued violation of the U.S. neutral rights at sea and troubles with the British on the western frontier. -
Treaty of Ghent
The treaty was signed on December 24, 1814 in Ghent which is known as Belgium today. It was the peace treaty that concluded the War of 1812. The Battle of New Orleans was still fought after it was signed because the treaty was not in effect after it was ratified by Congress in February in 1815. -
election of 1816
James Monroe beat his Federalist opponent Rufus King of New York. James Monroe won by a long slide and this was the beginning of the Era of Good Feelings. -
McColluch v. Maryland
This was another landmark in the US Supreme Court in 1819. Maryland attempted to oppose the Second Bank of the US by taking all of the notes of banks that are not in Maryland. This established that State action could not impose the valid constitutional exercises by the power of the federal government and the constitution grants implied powers to the Congress in order to function the national government. -
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
It was a case dealing with the Contract Clause of the US Constitution to private corporations. It started when his companions, who lead to New Hampshire attempting to force the college to become a public institution and place the ability to appoint more trustees in the hands of the government, deposed the president of Dartmouth. -
Roosevelt Corollary
In what came to be known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt asserted that European nations should not intervene in countries to the south of the US, however under certain conditions, United States intervention might be justified. -
Johnson v. McIntosh
The summary of this case is that Plaintiffs sought to have certain land grants made by Indian chiefs, recognized by the U.S. government. -
election of 1824
The Election of 1824 is significant because it ended the Republican- Federalist party. This was the first time no presidential candidate was from the Republican- Federalist party. Andrew Jackson had more electoral votes than John Quincy Adams, but the House of Representatives denied his presidency. Ultimately, John Quincy Adams won the election on February 9, 1824. -
corrupt bargain
The corrupt bargain or the compromise of 1824 is referring to the election of 1876. For either candidate to win the election they needed more electoral votes. In congress, an agreement was made , stating that they would elect the Republican candidate Rutherford Hayes. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
It stated that the New Yorks monopoly was unconstitutional and Marshall has established the federal government's broad control of the interstate commerce. It occurred in 1824. -
Henry Clay
Henry Clay was a senator and representative from Kentucky. He was John Quincy Adams’s secretary of state. -
John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams was president of the United States from 1825 to 1829. He was a Federalist who was known as a great diplomat. -
Revolution of 1828
This was the election of 1838 between Adams and Jackson. They both accused each other of numerous things and it was a very dramatic election that resulted in Jackson becoming president. -
Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)
The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by congress of the United States designed to product industry in the northern United States. -
Revolution of 1828
The Revolution of 1828 is referring to the election of 1828. The election was between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. The results of the election showed that America was being ruled by the wealthy. This election resulted in the democratic party. -
election of 1828
The Election of 1828 was between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson won by 178 electoral votes. This election was known for being dirty because both candidates were accused of various crimes. -
Spoil's system
This system was created in 1829 and it’s the practice of giving appointive offices to loyal members of the party in power. -
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson was the 7th president of the United States. He was a democrat- republican and was an army general as well. -
Indian Removal Act 1830
The Indian Removal Act was signed by Andrew Jackson on May 26, 1830 and it permitted the United States to have the Native American’s land. The Native Americans were forced to move out of the south so the U.S. could use their land for farming. -
Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act was a law signed by Andrew Jackson that authorized the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi River in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. -
John C. Calhoun
The 7th Vice President of the United States and a leading Southern politician from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. He was an advocate of slavery, states' rights, limited government, and nullification. -
Nicholas Biddle
The president of the Bank of the United States. Many people believed he held an unconstitutional amount of power over the nation's financial affairs. -
Trail of Tears
As part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. This migration was called the trail of tears by the Indians. -
Peggy Eaton Affair
The Peggy Eaton affair was a scandal involving Andrew Jackson’s Cabinet. Peggy Eaton created the scandal by having an affair with Jackson’s Secretary of War causing her husband to commit suicide. -
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
Cherokees filed against Georgia because of the laws passed that deprived the Cherokee Nation of receiving basic human rights within their own tribal boundaries. -
Worcester v. Georgia
The case was filed by Worcester who claimed that his family’s forced removal from “Indian-only” territories was a violation of his constitutional rights. -
Nullification Crisis (1832)
Jackson signed the bill of 1832 into effect and caused agitation throughout the United States. Some states, specifically South Carolina sought to use their state rights to nullify the bill. -
Nullification Crisis
Nullification Crisis The Nullification Crisis was when Andrew Jackson issued a proclamation to the people of South Carolina who were trying to nullify a federal law. The Dispute began when South Carolina was trying to nullify the tariffs acts of 1828 and 1832. -
Second Bank of the U.S
The Second Bank of the United States served as the federal bank from February 1817 to September 10, 1833. Andrew Jackson shut down the bank in 1833 because he thought the bank oppressed the common will of the people. -
pet banks
State banks that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United States. -
Texas Independance
It solved the military conflict between the government of Mexico and Texas colonists that began in 1835 and resulted in the establishment of the Republic of Texas. It was finally after the Mexican American War that led to the annexation of Texas to the United States. -
Specie Circular
Issued by Jackson - attempt to stop states from speculating land with money they printed that was not backed by anything. In payment for public lands, the government would accept only gold or silver -
Martin Van Buren
Served as secretary of state during Andrew Jackson's first term, vice president during Jackson's second term, and won the presidency in 1836, as 8th president of the US; inherited problems of the national banking system; created an independent treasury using only gold and silver -
Panic of 1837
As a result of Jackson's economic policies, the United States went through depression. It resulted in the closure of many banks and record unemployment levels and because of Jackson’s actions, Martin Van Buren, the next president spent most of his time in office attempting to stabilize and lessen the economic situation. -
American Peace Society
This society had a main objective, which was to try to abolish war in the 1800s. -
Campaign of 1840
This election ultimately resulted in establishing the Whigs as a national party. However, President Harrison died and left John Tyler who vetoed many of the Whigs bills and legislation. -
Webster- Ashburton Treaty
A treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies. It resolved a dispute over the location of the Maine–New Brunswick border, established the border between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods, originally defined in the Treaty of Paris, reaffirmed the location of the border in the westward frontier up to the Rocky Mountains defined in the Treaty of 1818, called for a final end to the slave trade on the high seas, and agreed to shared u -
Election of 1844
Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren ran for president hoping to cloud the impending issue of annexing Texas. However, President Tyler used this situation to advance his feeble hope for a second term. Lacking support from either party, he attempted to build support by backing the annexation of Texas. This was the first time that a candidate who had received little notice before the convention was able to secure a safe spot in the election. -
Mexican- American War
The Mexican-American War was a dispute over the Mexican-American border and also the United States wanted to purchase California and New Mexico. Mexico lost the war and it resulted in the United States gaining New Mexico and Southern California. -
Wilmot Proviso
In 1846 David Wilmot proposed a bill that forbid any slavery in the previous owned Mexican territories. His bill the Wilmot Proviso , passed the House twice but it was defeated in Senate. -
Seneca Fallas Convention
This was the first women’s rights convention and it was held in Seneca Falls, New York. They created a Declaration of Independence in order to state their opinions on how men and women should be equal. However, the issues of women’s rights were overshadowed by slavery in the 1850s. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican -American war in 1848. The treaty had the following; Mexico would recognize the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas and United States would take possession of the previous Mexican provinces of New Mexico and California for 15 million dollars. -
Gadsen Purchase
Purchased by the United States in a treaty signed by James Gadsden, the American ambassador to Mexico at the time. It was then ratified, with changes, by the U.S. Senate and signed by President Franklin Pierce, with final approval action taken by Mexico. The purchase added a large area to the United States consisting of lands south of the Gila River and west of the Rio Grande. -
Ostend Manifesto
Americans wanted to purchase Cuba from Spain , but Spain refused. The United States wanted Cuba so bad that three American diplomats met in Ostend, Belgium where they came up with a plan to secretly buy Cuba from Spain. The Ostend Manifesto that the diplomats created was leaked into the American’s press. Many anti-slavery members of Congress were angered and President Pierce was forced to drop the scheme. -
Panic of 1857
A financial panic in the United States caused by the declining international economy and an over-expansion of the domestic economy. -
Election of 1860
The Election of 1860 was between Abraham Lincoln and John C. Breckinridge. This election was one of the factors of the Civil War and was the start of a divided country. -
Fort Sumter
This was the first battle of the Civil War. -
Antietam Battle
It was a one-day battle that resulted in 23,000 wounded or killed soldiers. It also led to the Emancipation Proclamation. -
Emancipation Proclamation
This documents is famous for initially freeing slaves. However, it only freed slaves in the Union states and was known as a document that helped lead America to end slavery -
13th amendment
The 13th amendment outlawed slavery. -
Abraham Lincoln Assination
Lincoln was the first president to be assisted and it occurred as the Civil War was ending. -
14th amendment
The 14th amendment gave citizenship to African Americans. After slavery was outlawed, African Americans were still treated unequally, but this amendment guaranteed them basic rights. -
Alaska Purchase
Secretary of State William H. Seward agreed to purchase Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. The addition of Alaska would increase America’s size by around 20%. Not long after, the discovery of gold was made. -
Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening began in the early 19th century. A lot of educated Americans were beginning to question traditional Christian beliefs. There movement encouraged the growth of new denominations and church activity increased as well. -
15th amendment
The 15th amendement gave African Americans the right to vote . -
The Compromise of 1877
It ended the dispute over the Election of 1876 and it helped remove federal troops that occupied the south since the civil war. Ultimately, it ended reconstruction. -
Dawes Act
The Dawes Act was passed by congress which allowed Native Americans to individually grant landholdings instead of communal tribe holdings. The goal of this act was to transform tribe members into the larger society. -
Great Railroad Strike
Railroad companies cut wages in order to reduce prices in 1877, which resulted in workers striking. This strike become widespread in that it caused 500,000 workers to strike and ended in federal troops ending the labor violence. -
Wounded Knee Massacre
On December 29th ,1890 the the army was in charge of arresting Bigfoot and his army. The tribe was trying to go to a reservation when the army forced them to set camp at Wounded Knee. The army tried to get the tribe to give them their weapons which the tribe denied which resulted in a fight. -
Pullman Strike
The Pullman Strike occurred because George Pullman lowered wages and workers went to the American Railway Union for support. The American Railway Union directed railroad employers not to work with Pullman cars. This boycott resulted in railroad transportation to be severely affected. -
Spanish- American War
Conflict between the United States and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America. The war originated in the Cuban struggle for independence from Spain. -
U.S.S. Maine
USS Maine, a second-class battleship was sent to Havana in January 1898 to protect American interests during the revolt of the Cubans against the Spanish government. In the evening of 15 February 1898, Maine sank when the ship’s forward gunpowder magazines exploded. Nearly three-quarters of the battleship's crew died as a result of the explosion. People needed someone to blame for the explosion, so they blamed the Spanish for it. -
Teller Amendment
An amendment sponsored by Republican senator Henry M. Teller. It authorized the use of U.S. military force to establish Cuban independence from Spain. -
Open Door Policy
A concept in foreign affairs, allowing multiple Imperial powers access to China, with none of them in control of that country. -
Harlem Renassance
At the end of the civil war liberated African Americans were seeking a place to explore their liberties as free individuals. Many African Americans headed to the Northern States and specifically many migrated to Harlem, New York because their was housing being offered to black tenants. Harlem was the center of most social -
Boxer Rebellion
A group of Chinese rebels that decided to rid their country of foreigners. They also persecuted and killed Christians, be it Chinese or foreign Christians, they were all slaughtered. The rebellion weakened China’s Chi’ing dynasty and led to China becoming a republic. -
Election of 1900
The Election of 1900 was between Republican President McKinley and democratic nominee William Jennings Bryan. Bryan attacked Imperialism with a negative manner. Most Americans disagreed and saw that the new territory acquired during the war was an accomplished fact so President McKinley got re elected. -
Platt Amendment
It created the conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish-American War. The Amendment ensured U.S. involvement in Cuban affairs and gave legal standing to U.S. claims to certain territories on the island including Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. -
Panama Canal
Panama was part of the federation and country of Colombia but when Colombia rejected United States plans to build a canal across the Isthmus of Panama, the U.S. supported a revolution that led to the independence of Panama in 1903. The new Panamanian government authorized French businessman Philippe Bunau-Varilla, to negotiate a treaty with the United States. The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty allowed the U.S. to build the Panama Canal and provided for perpetual control of a zone five-miles wide on ei -
Gentlemen's Agreement
The “Gentlemen’s Agreement” was when the United States discriminated against Japanese Americans in California. Japanese Americans were required to attend segregated schools and this was considered a national insult to Japan. This caused major friction between the two countries and Japan secretly restricted the emigration of Japanese workers until the laws were repealed. -
Election of 1908
Republican William Taft and democrat William Bryan were both candidates for the Election of 1908. This election was mainly to see who could lead the Country the best after Roosevelt’s long term as President. William Taft won comfortably after Bryan made the mistake when he called for the socialization of the railroads. -
Founding of the NAACP
The NAACP is the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. It was founded on February 12, 1909 by 6 indivuals who were seeking to find a way for social equality for all Americans. -
Mexican Civil War
The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle that started in 1910, and lasted for the better part of a decade until around 1917. Over time the Revolution changed from a revolt against the established order to a multi-sided civil war. -
Election of 1912
The Election of 1912 was between democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt in the Progressive Party. Roosevelt won the election by supporting women’s rights and supporting tariffs, believing that it would protect wages. -
Red Summer
The Red Summer of 1919 started in May and lasted till October. It’s called the Red Summer because of the multiple cases of race riots occurred and the violent nature of them. Many working class white men resented African Americans because they were both competition for jobs ,which resulted in tension and bloodshed in many cities. -
First Red Scare
The Red Scare originated in 1917 when communists seized control in Russia. This affected the U.S. because people were prejudice against immigrants from eastern and southern Europe. This resulted in a period of hysteria were Americans believed that communist immigrants were plotting a revolution in the United States. -
Jones Act
The Jones Act is officially titled the Merchant Marine Act of 1920. The act was passed in response to concerns about the health of the merchant marines, and to establish protection for sailors. Prior to passage of the Jones Act, sailors who were injured on the job had few options for recovering damages or getting assistance; recognizing the inherent danger of working at sea and the value of trained seamen, the Jones Act established a system of benefits for sailors. -
Election of 1932
The election of 1932 was between FDR and Herbert Hoover. This election was after the 1929 wall street crash and the great depression in it’s beginning years. FDR won the election by a landslide because he provided hope and a change for Americans -
new deal
The New Deal was created by FDR as a way to get out of the Great Depression. His New Deal program would deliver the three R’s; recovery, relief, reform. The New Deal provided many relief programs and job opportunities, but unfortunately it didn’t end the Great Depression and unemployment remained high. -
Attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
On August 6, 1945 America dropped the first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city Hiroshima. Three days later , America deployed another atomic bomb over Nagasaki. Japan’s Emperor then announced his surrender in World War 2. -
truman doctrine
President Harry S. Truman issued the Truman Doctrine in 1947. The Truman Doctrine was the basis of American foreign policy towards the Soviet Union. The doctrine pledged support for countries trying to hold back soviet-style revolutions. The Doctrine also included a containment policy that stated that communism needed to be isolated and contained or it would spread to neighboring countries -
fall of china
Communism came about in China in 1949 under the power of Mao. It first became a movement of equality. China suffered for many years when Mao was in power. -
creation of nato
After World War 2 the U.S and the USSR occupied the majority of Europe. Many countries had fallen to the Nazis during the War so the two superpowers were in charge of settling new governments. This ended up in a division of Europe. Eastern Europe was communist and Western Europe wasn’t. The U.S. formed the NATO with 12 countries and they would coordinate their military incase of Soviet Aggression. -
korean war
North Korea’s invasion on South Korea brought attention to the United States. This resulted in U.S. military and Naval aid that lasted for three years. -
election of 1952
Dwight Eisenhower won the Election of 1952. He won by 442 electoral votes. He was known as a military hero, which helped his election tremendously.
