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Founding of Virginia
Founded in 1607, as Jamestown by John Smith. Created the first successful crop of Tobacco. There was a representative govt, the House of Burgesses. -
Founding of New York/ New Netherland
First named New Netherland by Henry Hudson from the Netherlands and later named in 1664 New York by the Duke of York. It was a royal colony and had a good harbor/port for a lot of business. -
House of Burgesses
• Created in Virginia• The first assembly of elected reps, established by the London company -
Mayflower Compact
• A document that pledged that those aboard the Mayflower will make deisions by majority vote• In the document the colonists decided that their higher authority was God -
Founding of South Carolina
Founded by 8 nobes and John Locke. Charleston was the busiest port in the Carolinas with vigorous slave trading. They were a royal colony as well. -
Founding of Massachusettes
Founded by John Winthrop in 1621 for the soul purpose of creating a puritan colony. It was a royal colony and they created the Mayflower Compact. -
Founding of Maryland
Founded by Lord Baltmore for religious tolerance for those that had belief in Christ. The main crop of Maryland was tobacco. -
Pequot War
• Connecticut and Rhode Island wanted the Pequot Indians to move so they sent 90 men to slay a village of about 400 people• The Pequot’s were exterminated and the Puritans justified their actions with Bible quotes and said that is was the first milestone on the road to colonial unity -
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• Established a representative government consisting of a legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chosen by the legislature
• First constitution in America -
Founding of Rhode Island
Founded by Roger Williama and Anne Hutchinson in 1644 for the purpose of religious freedom since they were dissatisfied with Massachusettes. -
Toleration Act
• Passed by the local representative assembly• Guaranteed religious tolerance for all Christians• Death penalty to those who don’t believe in Christ (Jews and athiests) -
Navigation Acts
• Three rules for colonial trade:• 1) Trade was to be carried by only English or colonial built ships and operated by only English or colonial crews• 2) All goods imported to the colonies could only go through ports in England• 3) Only Tobacco could be exported for the beginning but then the list expanded to all colonial products -
Halfway Covenant
• The younger generation didn’t want to commit to a church because their focus was more towards material things• Clergymen offered that people could come to church and participate in church activities without making a declaration of their total belief in Jesus Christ -
Founding of Connecticut
Founded by Rev. Thomas Hooker for religious freedom. It was a self governing colony and they created the first version of a constitution in America known as the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. -
King Phillip's War (Metacom)
• King Phillip (aka Metacom) was the chief of the Wampanoags• Metacom didn’t want to move out so Puritan towns attacked and beheaded him• They put his head on a stake and put it in the middle of the town for 25 years -
Bacon's Rebellion
• Nathaniel Bacon hated Indians• created a militia to attack Indians and set fire to Jamestown• Governor Berkeley didn’t like Bacon -
Founding of New Hampshire
Founded by John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges for the purpose of religious freedom from Mass. Their main industries were fur, fishing and lumber. They were also a royal colony. -
Founding of Pennsylvania
Founded by William Penn for religious tolerance for the Quakers. It was a royal colony and it had a representative government. -
Founding of Delaware
Founded by the Swedes as a holy experiment and all were invited to come settle there. It was a royal colony. -
Sir Edmund Andros and the Dominion of New England
• 1686 Sir Edmund Andros was appointed head in charge to unite all colonies from Nova Scotia to Delaware• Sir Andros forbade all town meetings, taxed the colonists with no representation, and revoked all land titles• Only lasted 2 years -
Glorious Revolution
• The succeeding of James II from the throne and replaced by William and Mary• Afterwards the Dominion of New England was brought to an end -
Salem Witch Trials
• Massachusetts suffered a lot of upheaval that led to widespread paranoia• First accusations began when young girls heard a voodoo story from a Black slave and started acting strangely.• Total deaths were 19 people hanged, 1 person pressed to death, and 2 dogs were hanged -
Enlightenment
• A major influence on America’s enlightenment was John Locke, a British philosopher• The leaders of the enlightenment believed that the “darkness” of past ages could be corrected by the use of human reasoning -
Headright System
• A method for attracting immigrants to Virginia each immigrant that paid for the passage of an indentured servant was rewarded 50 acres of land -
Founding of New Jersey
Dutch and Swedish gift from King Charles II to brother James---gives to his friends Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, who founded it. There were quakers there and it was a royal colony. -
Founding of North Carolina
Officially seperated from South Carolina in 1712. A very democratic state with vigorous slave trading. The main church there was the Angelican Church. -
Founding of Georgia
Founded by James Oglethorpe for the purpose of being a "buffer state" from Florida and Louisiana. The last of the 13 colonies to be founded. The busiest port was Savannah and they were mainly agricultural so they had a lot of slaves. -
John Peter Zenger Trial
• John Peter Zenger was brought to trial on charges of libelously criticizing New York’s royal governor• At that time printing something that damages the Governor’s reputation was a criminal offense• Significant because afterwards newspapers would take greater risks in openly criticizing the government -
First Great Awakening
• Throughout the 1730’s and 1740’s• Reverend Jonathan Edwards initiated it with the sermon “Sinners In The Hands Of An Angry God.” (1741) but was strictly limited to New England Colonies• George Whitefield was a reverend that’s influence was spread throughout the colonies• The church lost a lot of authority with the colonists because now they studied the Bible in their own homes -
French and Indian War (The Seven Year's War)
• The French set up camps on one side of the Ohio River Valley to stop the colonies from expanding more westward• George Washington was the colonel for the first small militia sent to fight the French• British troops hated the colonial troops and vice versa -
Pontiac's Rebellion
• Chief Pontiac led an attack against colonial settlements -
Proclamation of 1763
• A proclamation that says that colonists can’t settle west of the Appalachian Mountains• This made Americans really mad because they thought that after they did so well in the war they would be rewarded more land but no -
Sugar Act
• Placed a tax on sugar so that Britain could make more money off of the colonists -
Quartering Act
• Required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers -
Stamp Act
• The first direct tax on stamps and made them use stamp on everything from newspapers to any legal documents -
Declaratory Act
• After repealing the stamp act• Parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever” -
Townshend Act
• Enforced taxes on everything• Gave the right to military officials to search anyone’s home for smuggled goods• Also suspended New York’s assembly -
Boston Massacre
• A fight between the colonists and the British army• The colonists started it in the middle of Town Square• Only 5 people died -
Tea Act
• Put a tax on tea and made it illegal to buy tea from anywhere other than Britain -
Boston Tea Party
• Colonists were really mad about the tea act because there was still no freedom in where to buy tea from and they still had to pay taxes on it• Some colonists boarded a ship full of tea and threw it all off into the harbor -
Quebec Act
• A law that organized Canadian territory gained from France
• Established Roman Catholicism as the official religion of Quebec -
Coercive Act
• There were 4 coercive acts placed on the colonies directed mainly at punishing the colonists• Closed the port of Boston, reduced the power of Massachusetts legislature, allowed accused royal officials to be tried in England instead of the colonies, and expanded on the quartering act to private homes as well -
Lexington and Concord
• “The shot heard ‘round the world”• Paul Revere’s famous ride, also William Dawes “The British are coming!”• The first battle in the war -
Second Continental Congress
• Met in Philly• Half of the delegates were opposed to fighting and the other half wanted to declare independence -
Battle at Bunker Hill
• A loss for America but considered a victory because the British suffered many casualties• On the outskirts of Boston -
Olive Branch Petition
• Sent to King George III• They pledged their loyalty and asked him to intercede with Parliament to secure peace• The King ignored the plea and agreed to the Prohibitory Act (August 1775) which declared colonies in rebellion and forbade all trading with the colonies and England -
Common Sense
• Written by Thomas Paine• Was written to convince colonists that independence was necessary because Britain was corrupt -
Declaration of Independence
• Richard Henry Lee introduced the idea of declaring the colonies independent • Drafted by Thomas Jefferson• The Dec. of Ind. Was adopted on July 4th, 1776 -
Battle of Saratoga
• Convinced France to join the war on America’s side• American troops surprise attacked British soldiers and forced Britain to surrender -
Articles of Confederation
• The first constitution for the U.S.• The federal government had no power to tax citizens• Only had one congress• The states had all the power and the central government was really weak which led to financial, foreign, and domestic problems -
Battle of Yorktown
• The last major battle in the war• Washington’s army forced the surrender of General Cornwallis’ troops -
Treaty of Paris
• Britain would recognize the existence of the U.S. as an independent nation• The Mississippi was the Western boundary of the U.S.• Americans would have fishing rights off the coast of Canada• Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and honor loyalist claims for property confiscated during the war -
Shays Rebellion
• Captain Daniel Shays was a farmer that led a rebellion in Massachusetts over high state taxes • The federal government couldn’t afford to pay a militia so no national government army ever came to help settle the dispute• Pointed out that without giving the Congress the power to tax the states then our safety was in jeopardy -
Northwest Ordinance
• Set the ground rules for creating a new state (60,000 men)• Limited self-government and prohibited slavery in the northwest states• The only good thing to come out of the A.O.C. -
Constitutional Convention
A convention that was made to create a new constitution
• there were several plans that were discussed
• the Virginia adn New Jersey Plans- the Great Compromise
• 3/5ths compromise -
Judiciary Act of 1989
• One of Congresses first laws• Established a Supreme Court with one chief justice and 5 associate justices -
Chisolm vs. Georgia
• the first Supreme Court case of significance• the ruling was almost immediately superseded by the eleventh amendment -
XYZ Affair
• There were rumors that Paris was seizing American ships• Adams sent people to Paris to talk to French ministers• They were met by people known as X, Y, and Z who bribed them to not meet with the ministers• They refused the bribes and Adams refused to go to war -
Alien and Sediiton Acts
• The Alien Act allowed the president to deport any immigrants that were a danger to the U.S.• The Sedition Act made it illegal for newspapers to openly criticize the President of Congress• Repubs thought that they violated the 1st Ammendment but the law of judicial review wasn’t there yet so they couldn’t do anything about it.• Kentucky and Virginia made a compact to nullify these laws -
Revolution of 1800
• The change from Federalist control to Democratic-Republic• Jefferson beat Burr -
Marbury v. Madison
• 1803• ruled in favor of John Madison, the president at the time• first case to establish judicial review• first time that a federal law was ruled unconstitutional -
Louisiana Purchase
• French was in control of is (Napoleon Bonaparte)• Napoleon lost interest in it and sold it to Jefferson -
Embargo Act
• Prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port in hopes that Britain would stop violating rights• The embargo backfired and caused America a lot of economic trouble -
Nonintercourse Act
• After the embargo act Americans could now trade with foreign countries except Britain and Frace -
Macon's Bill No. 2
• Presented by Nathaniel Macon in Congress• Restored trade with Britain and France• Also agreed that if they respected American neutral rights then the U.S. would prohibit trade with that nation’s foes -
Fletcher vs. Peck
• the ruling said that the state could not pass legislation invalidating a contract• the first time that a state law was ruled unconstitutional -
War of 1812
• Caused by Britain violating neutral rights at sea• America won -
Treaty of Ghent
• signed on Christmas Eve• terms of the treaty were a halt to fighting, the return of all conquered territory to the prewar claimer, and recognition of the prewar boundary between the U.S. and Canada• ended the war with neither side gaining anything• the Battle of New Orleans (January 8, 1815) was an American victory fought 2 weeks after they treaty was signed -
Election of 1816
• Monroe defeated King• There was no more Federalist party so Monroe supported the growing nationalism in America also known as the era of good feelings -
McColluch v. Maryland
• the ruling established that the Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution’s express powers, in order to create a functional national government• The ruling also established that the state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government -
Dartmouth Gollege v. Woodward
• the ruling said that a contract for a private corporation could not be altered by the state -
Gibbons v. Ogden
• case between New York and Congress• ruled that New York trying to create a monopoly was unconstitutional• established the federal government’s broad control of interstate commerce -
Secon Great Awakening
•began with Reverend Timothy Dwight
•Charles G Finney appealed to the emotional side more so than the logical side
• William Miller predicted that the world would end which brought a lot of people to religion
• Joseph Smith also brought a lot of people to mormanism -
Johnson v. McIntosh
• ruled that private citizens could not purchase land from Native Americans -
Indian Removal Act
• Jackson signed an act that said that all Indians were to move west of the Mississippi• By 1835 most tribes had been resettled• 1836 the Bureau of Indian Affairs was created to help Indians -
Texas Independence
• In 1829 the president of Mexico outlawed slavery and forced all immigrants to convert to Roman Catholicism• A revolt led by Sam Houston was against Santa Anna (dictator of Mexico at the time)• Every Texan in the Alamo died• Sam Houston captured Santa Anna and threatened to kill him if he didn’t declare Texas to be independent -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
• Secretary of State Daniel Webster and the British ambassador Lord Alexander Ashburton• Settled the boundary between Maine and British Canada as well as Minnesota -
Election of 1844
• Clay v. Polk• Polk favored annexing Texas and Oregon• Clay was indecisive with his decision in annexing Oregon• Polk, from Tennessee, won the election -
Mexican-American War
• Mexico didn’t like that the U.S. annexed Texas when they didn’t agree on a southern border.
• President Polk sent congress an already prepared war message declaring the war after
• Ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• Mexico lost California, New Mexico, and Texas
• Ended in 1848 -
Wilmot Proviso
• A proposed a bill to forbid slavery in any new territories • Passed the house twice but was defeated in the senate -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• A treaty negotiated in mexico by Americans• Conducted by Nicholas Tristo The Rio Grande is the southern border of Texaso The U.S. gets California and New Mexico for $15 million -
Ostend Manifesto
o Spain refused President Polk’s offer of $100 million to buy Cubao President Pierce attempted to negotiate a secret deal with Spain to buy Cuba but the Ostend Manifesto that they drew up was leaked to the presso Congress made President Pierce drop the scheme -
Gasden Purchase
• President Pierce bought a strip of land known as the Gadsden Purchase for $10 million from Mexico• Today it is the southern borders of New Mexico and Arizona -
Panic of 1857
• The economic boom ended with a financial panic• Drop in prices for Midwestern farmers• Southern cotton prices remained high so the southern farmers thought that they were superior -
Alaska Purchase
• President Seward bought Alaska in 1867 in $7.2 million from Russia• People called in “Seward’s Folly” and “Seward’s Icebox” -
Dawes Act
• uner the Dawes Act Native American tribal land was split into 160 acre land for each family
• the policy was a flop because over the years most Native Americans sold their land to white settlers and defeated the purpose of the act -
Wounded Knee Massacre
• 200 Native Americans were gunned down
• some people call it a battle but it was really a massacre
• the last battle on the prairies
• started accidentally because of a deaf Native American -
U.S.S. Maine
• A ship on the coast of Cuba was supposedly blown up by the Spanish• 260 Americans on board died• experts later concluded that the explosion was an accident, not a bombing -
Spanish-American War
• The causes of the war were the Americans in helping with the Cuban revolt, yellow press spreading false publicity about the war, De Lome’s Letter, the sinking of the Maine, and President McKinley’s war message• After hearing word from the Pres. Theodore Roosevelt open fired on the coast of Cuba• Less than 6 months later Americans had captured the port of Manila in Cuba and won the war -
Boxer Rebellion
• The society of Harmonious fists (boxers) in China was scared of foreigners in China so they rebelled against Christian missionaries and attacked them• American’s fought back in Beijing and China had to pay a butt load of money to America -
Election of 1900
• President McKinley vs. William Jennings Bryan• McKinley won -
Teller Amendment
• declared that the United States had no intention of taking political control of Cuba and that, once peace was restored to the island, the Cuban people would control their own government -
Platt Amendment
• never to sign a treaty with a foreign power that impaired its independence • never to build up an excessive public debt • to permit the United States to intervene in Cuba’s affairs to preserve its independence and maintain law and order • to allow the U.S. to maintain naval bases in Cuba, including one at Guantanamo Bay -
Open Door Policy
• No trade competition in China• No one responded saying no so Hay figured that they all said yes -
Panama Canal
• The American empire stretched from Puerto Rico to the Philippines • They needed a passage to get through South America so they built the canal• Finished construction in 1914 -
Roosevelt Corollary
o Instead of letting Europeans intervene in Latin America Roosevelt declared that the U.S. would intervene insteado This means that the U.S. would send gunboats down to Latin America in order for them to pay their debts from the war -
Gentlemen’s Agreement
• Japan would secretly agree to restrict the immigration to the U.S. while Roosevelt would try to make California become less discriminatory towards Japanese immigrants -
Election of 1908
• William Howard Taft vs. William Jennings Bryan• Taft won -
Founding of the NAACP
• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
• after several race riots
• a meeting in 1909 of multi-racial activists that first formed the National Negro Commitee -
Mexican Civil War (Revolution)
• Victoriano Huerta seizes Mexico and put the pres. (Madero) in jail to be murdered• Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata fought against Huerta• When the U.S. got involved Huerta fled• Carranza would eventually gain power -
Election of 1912
• Woodrow Wilson vs. Theodore Roosevelt vs. William Howard Taft• Wilson won -
Jones Act
• Gave full territorial status to Puerto Rico• Could not vote in the U.S. pres. Elections• But PR could have their own legislature and governor to enforce laws -
First Red Scare
• anti- Communist hysteria after the first world war
• there was a series of unexplained bombings in America and becauseof that Attorney General Palmer ordered a mass arrest
• over 6,000 people were arrested and 500 were deported -
Red Summer
• race riots in the summer of 1919
• mainly whites against blacks
• maily because of social tensions after the war -
Harlem Renaissance
•Harlem became famous for talented actors and musicians in the 20's
• their artistic acheivement became known as the renaissance -
Election of 1932
• Hoover (R) vs. Roosevelt (D)• During the Great Depression• Everyone hated Hoover -
New Deal
• The three R’s (relief, recovery, and reform) -
Attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
August 6th and August 9th
• During world war 2• About 250,000 people died• Japan surrendered about a week after the bombs -
Truman Doctrine
• Implemented the containment policy because of 2 threats (communist-led uprising against Greece and Soviet commands for some control of Turkey)• Became known as the Truman Doctrine• Truman asked Congress for $400 million to help the “free people” in Greece and Turkey -
Whiskey Rebellion
• Was a tax protest in western Pennsylvania• Farmers couldn’t pay the high taxes on Whiskey so they fought back• 15,000 militia men showed up under the rule of Alexander Hamilton• There was no blood shed• Showed the power of the new Constitution
