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French and Indian War ends
Cause: Signing of the treaty of Paris
Effect: Britain secured territorial gains in North America -
Navigation Acts
Cause: British wanted to impose restrictions on colonial trade
Effect: imposed colonial trade restrictions -
Stamp Act
Cause: to pay for British troops stationed in colonies during the Seven Years’ War
Effect: strained relations with the colonies -
Boston Massacre
Cause: people throwing snow/ice balls, stones, and sticks at British troops; they did this because of taxation without representation
Effect: helped unite the colonies against Britain -
Tea Act
Cause: an effort to save the troubled enterprise
Effect: lowered cost of East India Company’s Tea in the colonies -
Boston Tea Party
Cause: Colonists believe they were being unfairly taxed by Britain so they could help accommodate for war expenses
Effect: Showed Britain Americans wouldn’t take taxes or tyranny and rallied Americans for the independence fight -
Coercive/Intolerable Acts
Cause: the Boston Tea Party
Effect: outbreak of public dismay and disaffection -
First Continental Congress
Cause: outbreak of public dismay and disaffection
Effect: the boycotting of British goods -
Second Continental Congress
Cause: the planning of further responses if British government had not repealed or modified the Acts
Effect: appointing of ambassadors, paper currency issuing, raising continents Army, appointing Generals to lead Army -
Lexington and Concord
Cause: British marched in to suppress possibility of a rebellion by seizing weapons from the colonists
Effect: marked the start of the war for independence
Also known as the “shot heard around the world” -
Declaration of Independence adopted
Cause: summarization of the motives for the colonies wanting independence
Effect: more Americans rallied to the cause of independence -
Battle of Saratoga
Cause: General John Burgoyne attempted to invade New England
Effect: lifted patriot morale, raised the hope of independence, helped secure foreign support
September 19- October 7, 1777 -
Winter at Valley Forge
Cause: lack of organization, food and money shortages
Effect: cold, hunger, and sickness -
Battle of Yorktown
Cause: French and Americans wanted to play capture the British before arrival of reinforcements
Effect: British Surrendered -
U.S Constitution written
Cause: problems with articles of confederation
Effect: introduced checks and balances; separating power between branches -
U.S Constitution adopted
Cause: need for a new Frame of Government
Effect: introduction of checks and balances and separation of power between branches