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Plunged Britain into national debt.
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attributed to James Otis. People started using this phrase around 1761.
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relates to Molasses Act
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First internal tax levied directly on American colonists by the British Parliament
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colonies required to give barracks and supplies to British troops
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an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act 1765 and the changing and lessening of the Sugar Act. they held onto their principle of imperial taxation.
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series of laws passed by the British government on the American colonies . They placed new taxes and took away some freedoms from the colonists including the following: New taxes on imports of paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea.
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Samuel Adams and James Otis. Encouraged revolt against Townshend Acts.
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condemned British action against Masschussets
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withdrew on everything but tea, in response colonies stop nonimportation (boycott on British goods)
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Samuel Adams called Boston townhall meeting to communicate Boston's position to other colonies
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response to tea party, meant to punish
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12/13 colonies sent a total of 56 delegates.
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Minute Men and other arrangements
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British troops continue to seize colonial ammunition, consider using force
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John Adams nominates Washington as Commander in chief. Colonies share in repaying army bills.
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America send this to George III, saying they still want him as King but with changes. He rejects.
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Congress Treaty with Indians. Search for foreign aid, France expresses interest.
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first rebel victory
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Pamphlet by Thomas Paine
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Congress declares independence, Thomas Jefferson asked to write it. American values
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sent to foreign nations, to get support
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Washington's army retreats
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final battle in Washington's disastrous NY campaign
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US won
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shows unity and rebellion
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Congress fled, US retreated, Valley Forge
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US won
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bad, lack of unity, whispers of replacing Washington
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not ratified until 1781
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thanks to Benjamin Franklin
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repealed acts, but US wants more now, to be recognised
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Washington saves the battle after Lee's mistakes
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US defeated loyalists and Indians who supported Britain in Pennsylvania
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On France's side to annoy Britain, but doesn't recognise US
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Worst US defeat
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due to shortages
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technique: spies
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turning point for Americans
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Congress gives finance its own department, with Robert Morris as head
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over salaries and pension. Washington stops them revolting
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small group revolt due to same reasons as before (economic)
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Jefferson' plan to divide western territories is adopted but not put into action
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over trade
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townships- land
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lacks power over trade
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Washington president, Madison's 'Virginia Plan', 'New Jersey Plan' rejected, representation in two houses 'Connecticut Convention', draft of constitution
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Plan for gov to govern Southern territory
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defended Constitution, 85 in total (JJ-5, JM-29, AH-51)
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steps aside for new gov under Washington
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ratified by 9 states, Rhode Island last state to join (didn't until May 1790)
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Hamilton secretary of the Treasury, Jefferson secretary of State
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created third branch. Legislative separated after too afraid to debate in Washington's presence
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No party, tended to side with Federalists
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in exchange to move the capital closer to the South
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war between France and England, French revolution
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due to Hamilton's whiskey tax
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weak, with England
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over land, against Natives
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with Spain
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Hamilton and Jefferson factions began emerging in 1792. AH-federalist, TJ- republicans
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Thoughtful, set standard of 2 terms
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Federalist
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Naturalization Act, Alien Act, Alien Enemies Act, Sedition Act
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stamp tax and house
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created, and army strengthened
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honourable peace for US
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Adams appointed him as chief justice
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more state power, emphasis on agriculture , smaller bureaucracy, divided army, reduced navy, abolished alien acts and direct tax, cut down national debt, strong values
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Democratic-Republican
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some use of covert action, made Jefferson reconsider Navy
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Federalists vs Republicans
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from 1803, reexports quadrupled, $66.5mil-$102.2mil
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stopped trade with all European countries but caused economic depression
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replaced embargo act, only stopped trade with France and Britain
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Democratic-Republican
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put Macon'sbill into effect
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Fall 1812- not going well, Spring 1813- going better
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victory, captured Tecumseh
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by the British!!
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US victory, didn't know but two weeks after peace treaty
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repeated in 1818 and 1819
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immediately chose cabinet. last founding father/ last of Virginia dynasty to be president
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Democratic-Republican
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Due to declining imports/exports and sagging agriculture prices. High unemployment. Ended by 1823
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Slavery
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Jackson's raids
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Didn't do so before to avoid war with Spain
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They would remain neutral in European problems but didn't accept recolonisation
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came after argument over infrastructure power and a vetoed bill in 1822. Followed with another bill in 1826.
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Monroe encouraged decline of parties yet often opposed federalists. Instead of stopping them he fostered transition to Second Party System.