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Battle of Bunker Hill
American colonial militia forces successfully defend against several British attacks on Breed's Hill (near Bunker Hill) in Charlestown, Massachusetts, inflicting heavy casualties on the British despite ultimately being forced to retreat due to a lack of ammunition, marking a significant early battle in the war where the colonists proved their ability to fight against the well-trained British army, even though technically considered a British victory due to their control of the hill. -
Paul Revere’s Ride
Paul Revere's Ride was a key event in the American Revolution. Revere rode from Boston to Lexington to warn colonial militia leaders, including John Hancock and Samuel Adams, of the approaching British troops. His famous midnight ride helped alert the colonists to prepare for the battles of Lexington and Concord. -
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The Battles of Lexington and Concord marked the start of the American Revolutionary War. British troops aimed to seize colonial weapons, but were met with resistance from local militia. The confrontations resulted in the "shot heard 'round the world," igniting the conflict for independence. -
Creation of the Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence, drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson, was adopted on July 4, 1776, by the Continental Congress. It formally declared the 13 American colonies' break from British rule, asserting their right to self-governance. The document outlined grievances against King George III and emphasized individual rights and freedoms. The declaration was signed by representatives, marking a pivotal moment in the Revolution and the birth of the United States as an independent nation. -
Thomas Paine’s writing of “The American Crisis”
Thomas Paine wrote "The American Crisis" to inspire and rally support for the Revolutionary War. The pamphlet emphasized the struggle for independence, urging Americans to persevere in the face of hardship and advocating for freedom and democracy. It played a crucial role in boosting morale among the troops and the public. -
Crossing of the Delaware River
The Crossing of the Delaware River, saw George Washington lead Continental troops across the icy river to launch a surprise attack on Hessian forces in Trenton, New Jersey. The victory boosted American morale during the Revolutionary War. -
Battle of Trenton
The Battle of Trenton saw George Washington's troops surprise and defeat Hessian forces in Trenton, New Jersey, following their crossing of the Delaware River. The victory boosted American morale during a critical time in the Revolutionary War. -
Battles of Saratoga
The Battles of Saratoga, also on October 7, 1777, were a turning point in the American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army, led by General Horatio Gates, defeated British General John Burgoyne's forces, resulting in Burgoyne's surrender. This victory boosted American morale and secured French support for the colonies. -
The Battle of Philadelphia
The Battle of Philadelphia saw British forces under General Howe capture the American capital after defeating General Washington at Brandywine and Germantown. The Continental Congress fled, but the British occupation had little long-term impact on the war. -
The Winter at Valley Forge
It was a period of extreme hardship for the Continental Army. Soldiers faced harsh weather, severe supply shortages, and rampant disease, leading to the deaths of around 2,000 troops. Despite these challenges, the army emerged stronger due to the leadership of Washington and the training provided by Baron von Steuben, which transformed the troops into a more disciplined and effective fighting force. The winter, though grueling, ultimately strengthened the army's resolve and unity. -
Battle of Yorktown
The Battle of Yorktown, lasting until October 19, 1781, was the last major battle of the American Revolutionary War. General George Washington and French forces besieged British General Cornwallis, leading to his surrender. This decisive victory effectively ended British efforts to control the American colonies and paved the way for peace negotiations. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolutionary War. It recognized the United States' independence, established borders, and granted Americans fishing rights. Britain ceded territory to the U.S., marking the beginning of the new nation's sovereignty.