-
Period: to
Dual Federalism
With dual federalism both states and national governments had equal authority. The powers given to the government were the powers listed directly in the constitution. John Marshall was a supreme court chief justice. Marshall helped to increase the national governments power. -
McCulloch Vs. Maryland
This case reached the Supreme Court while John Marshall was the Chief Justice. George Washington and Alexander Hamilton tried to get congress to create a national bank, but Thomas Jefferson rejected the bank idea and claimed it was "unlawful". Congress granted a charter for the first national bank. In 1816 congress chartered the second bank. Maryland had a tax on all banks within the state, but an officer at the bank, James McCulloch refused to pay. The court ruled in favor of the McCulloch. -
Doctrine of nullification
In some southern states, politicians believed that states had the right to cancel national laws that disagreed with the states intrests. The states were tying to override the federal government. This was known as the doctrine of nullification. With the doctrine of nullifcation, a state could challenge a national law and if three quarters of the others states would hace to ratify an amendment allowing congress to enact the law. -
Doctine of secession
As a result of the doctrine of nullification came the doctrine of secession. Since a tate could either choose to follow the law or be seperate from everyone else. The idea that staes could spepreate themselves was know as he doctirine of secession. -
Reconstruction Amendments
The Reconstruction Amendments are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution. They were made between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War. After the Civil War, the amendments had to be reconstructed to please the South. -
Interstate Commerce Act
The Interstate Commerce Act was created to help regulate the railroad industry and prevent monopolies. The act requierd that all railroads must charge "reasonable" rates, but it also said the government could not "fix" the rates. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
The Sherman Antitrust Act was passed by Congress in 1890. It prohibited certain business activities that the federal government thought was anti-competitive. It also required the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts. -
2. United States v. E.C. Knight Company
The United States v. E.C. Knight Company was an 1895 court case. It was challenged that the E.C Knight Company was a monopoly in the sugar company. The court decided that since the sugar companies operated locally, they could not be regulated through the national government. -
The New Deal
During the stock market crash of 1929, President Franklin Roosevelt created the New Deal to give the country immediate relief. The New Deal was a series of national programs to help all Americans. It provided jobs and money for people. -
Period: to
Cooperative Federalism
This era of federalism was based off the idea that all levels of government should work together. Within this era the national government created an administration to give umeployed workers jobs. -
Period: to
Creative Federalism
Creative federalism involved the national government giving national funds in grants to local and state communities. The president in the 1960s, Lyndon Johnson, came up with the idea for creative federalism. Johnson created the Great Society program. This program goal was to eliminate poverty adn social inequality. This was the begninng to the creative federalism era. -
Period: to
New Federalism
With the new federalism era many believed that by decreasing the governments national spending and giving power back to states would improve the governemnt. -
Ronald Regan / Regan Years
In the 1980s, Ronald Regan was president of the United States from 1981-1989. He believed that a strong national government was less effective than a strong government in the states. The Regan years was a considered to take place during the 1980’s. -
Devolution
Devolution is the transfer of power to a lower level. In this case, it was the first time where most of the governemnt power was held within the people. -
Contract With America
The Contact with America was a document released by the Republican party during the 1994 election for congress. The document listed all of the plans the Republicans promised to do if they had the majority of Congress.
