Pennpals

Expansion of American Civil Liberties

  • 15th Amendment Ratified

    15th Amendment Ratified
    The 15th amendment granted African American men over 21 the right to vote. However, many states at the time found ways around this amendment (poll taxes, white primaries, literacy tests, etc).
  • 19th Amendment Ratified

    19th Amendment Ratified
    The 19th amendment gave all American women (over 21) the right to vote. This was an important expansion of the electorate and a major step in the feminist movement.
  • Brown v. Board of Education

    Brown v. Board of Education
    The SCOTUS held that school segregation was unconstitutional because it violated the Equal Protection Under the Law Clause of the 14th amendment. This lead to court-ordered desegregation of schools and busing.
  • 26th Amendment Ratified

    26th Amendment Ratified
    The 26th amendment granted 18, 19, and 20 year olds the right to vote. This was yet another expansion of the electorate and was mainly a result of the Vietnam War Draft. Seeing as 18 year olds could be drafted, they felt like they should be given the right to participate in government.
  • Education Act Passed (Title IX)

    Education Act Passed (Title IX)
    Title IX forbids gender discrimination in federally subsidized education programs. This includes athletics, which is what Title IX is well-known for.
  • Obergefell v. Hodges

    Obergefell v. Hodges
    The SCOTUS held that the Due Process Clause of the 14th amendment guarantees the right of same-sex couples to be married and for all states to recognize same-sex marriages.