Alejandra

Antiquity

476 BCE

Antiquity, music was important in ancient cultures like Greece and Rome. They used instruments like the lyre and flute for celebrations and storytelling.

Epitaph of Seikilos

100

This is the oldest known complete song, written on a tomb in Greece over 2000 years ago. It’s like a farewell message with both lyrics and music.

Middle Ages

476

the Middle Ages, music became focused on the church, with monks singing Gregorian chant in Latin.

Gregorian Chant

590

This is very peaceful music that monks used to sing in churches a long time ago. They sang only one melody, without instruments, and all the voices sounded the same. They sang in Latin.

Guido d'Arezzo

991

Guido was an Italian monk who invented a way of writing music using lines (like the modern staff we use today). He also created a system to help people learn to sing.

Hildegard von Bingen

1098

ildegard was a German nun and composer who wrote beautiful church music. Her songs are special because they sound very soft and mystical, almost like they came from another world.

Ars Antiqua

1100

Ars Antiqua means the ancient art. This was a time when music started to get a bit more complicated, with more than one voice singing at the same time, but it wasn't as complex as later on.

Bernart de Ventadorn

1130

Bernart was a poet and musician from France. He sang love songs that were very popular in his time. He’s like one of the first famous singers.

Léonin

1150

Léonin was also a musician from France, and he was one of the first to add multiple voices to songs. He was like a pioneer of music that Perotin later helped improve.

Perotin

1200

Perotin was a musician from France who lived many centuries ago. He helped make music more complex by adding more voices to the songs, making them sound richer.

Alfonso X the Wise

1221

Alfonso was a king from Spain who really supported music. He helped create a book with many religious songs sung at his court, called "Cantigas de Santa María."

The Renaissance

1300

The Renaissance was a time of great interest in art, science, and new ideas, inspired by Antiquity. In music, more complex compositions with multiple voices and instruments were created.

Ars Nova

1300

Ars Nova means the new art. This was a time when music changed a lot. Musicians started to write more complicated songs with different rhythms, making the music more fun and varied.

Guillaume de Machaut

1300

Machaut was a very important French composer. He wrote very elaborate music, both love songs and church music. He was like the superstar of music in his time.

Francesco Landini

1325

Francesco Landini was an Italian musician who lived a long time ago. He’s famous for his beautiful songs that mixed poetry and music. He was like a singer who put a lot of emotion into what he sang.

Johannes Gutenberg

1400

Gutenberg was the inventor of the printing press, a machine that could make copies of books and music quickly.

Juan del Encina

1468

Juan del Encina was a Spanish musician and poet who made music for plays and also for the church. He was one of the first important musicians of the Renaissance in Spain.

Martin Luther

Nov 10, 1483

Martin Luther was a German man who changed many things in the church because he thought people should sing in their own languages and use more music to praise God.

Cristóbal de Morales

1500

Cristóbal de Morales was another Spanish musician who made beautiful music for choirs. His compositions were very popular and are important for understanding Renaissance music.

Andrea Gabrieli

1510

Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian composer who made music for churches and used beautiful sounds, especially for choirs and organs. His music is known for being colorful and joyful.

Antonio de Cabezón

1510

Antonio de Cabezón was a Spanish musician who played the organ and other instruments. He is known for making beautiful music for these instruments, and his music was very important during the Renaissance.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

1525

Palestrina was an Italian composer who made music for the church. His songs were very beautiful and calm, and they are often used in churches because they are peaceful and full of emotion.

Orlando di Lasso

1532

Orlando di Lasso was a composer from Belgium who made a lot of music. He is famous for his songs that have lots of emotion, and his music can sound very different depending on the story he wanted to tell.

Maddalena Casulana

1544

Maddalena Casulana was an Italian composer who wrote many beautiful songs, especially madrigals. She was one of the first women to have her music published, and she was very talented.

Tomás Luis de Victoria

1548

Tomás Luis de Victoria was a Spanish musician who wrote beautiful church music. His music is deep and emotional, and it is loved by people who enjoy religious music.

Giovanni Gabrieli

1554

Giovanni Gabrieli, Andrea’s nephew, was also an Italian composer who used many wind instruments and choirs in his music. He lived in Venice, and his music sounds amazing when played in big places like churches.

Carlo Gesualdo

Mar 8, 1566

Carlo Gesualdo was an Italian musician who made very emotional songs, sometimes using unusual harmonies that surprised people.

Claudio Monteverdi

May 15, 1567

Monteverdi was an Italian composer who helped invent opera, which is like a play where everyone sings.

The Baroque

1600

The Baroque period (1600-1750) was a time of very decorated and emotional art and music. Composers like Bach, Vivaldi, and Handel created dramatic and exciting music.

Giacomo Carissimi

Apr 10, 1605

Carissimi was an Italian composer who wrote a lot of religious music, like oratorios (big songs for the church). His most famous work, Jephte, tells a sad and emotional story from the Bible.

Barbara Strozzi

Aug 6, 1619

Barbara Strozzi was an Italian singer and composer. She’s known for writing a lot of beautiful music for the voice. Even though there were few women composers at the time, her music was very important and beautiful.

Stradivarius

1644

He made violins that were so good that even today they’re considered the best in the world. Famous musicians play on Stradivarius violins because they sound amazing.

Henry Purcell

Sep 10, 1659

He was an English composer. He’s famous for writing an opera called Dido and Aeneas, which has very beautiful and sad songs. His music is very rich and full of emotion.

Antonio Vivaldi

Mar 4, 1678

Vivaldi was an Italian composer who wrote music for the violin. His most famous piece is The Four Seasons, which has music that sounds like the seasons of the year: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. His music is very happy and exciting.

George Philipp Telemann

Mar 14, 1681

He was a composer from Germany who wrote a lot of music for different instruments. His music is joyful and very creative. He’s known for composing many pieces that are fun to listen to.

Georg Friedrich Händel

Feb 23, 1683

Händel was a composer from Germany who lived in England. He’s famous for writing Messiah, a huge piece with songs like the famous Hallelujah Chorus. His music is very dramatic and energetic.

Johann Sebastian Bach

Mar 31, 1685

Bach was a composer from Germany and is considered one of the greatest musicians of all time. He’s famous for writing music for the church, like the Brandenburg Concertos.

Gluck

Jul 2, 1714

German composer who reformed opera by focusing on narrative and emotion, moving away from excessive virtuosity.

Joseph Haydn

Mar 31, 1732

Austrian composer, known as the "Father of the Symphony" and the string quartet. A major influence on Mozart and Beethoven.

Nannerl Mozart

Jul 30, 1751

Sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, a talented pianist and harpsichordist. Her musical career was limited by societal norms of the time.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Jan 27, 1756

Austrian composer regarded as one of the greatest musical geniuses, mastering every genre of his time.

Maria Theresia Von Paradis

May 15, 1759

Austrian pianist and composer, blind from childhood. Advocated for music education for visually impaired individuals.

Ludwig van Beethoven

Dec 17, 1770

German composer, a key figure in the transition from Classicism to Romanticism. Famous for his symphonies and innovative music, even after losing his hearing.

Rossini

Feb 29, 1792

talian composer, master of opera buffa. His 39 operas, including The Barber of Seville and William Tell, are known for their lively melodies and energetic crescendos. Retired from opera at 37.

Schubert

Jan 31, 1797

Austrian Romantic composer, known for over 600 lieder, symphonies, and piano works. Famous for Ave Maria, The Trout, and the Unfinished Symphony. His expressive melodies influenced later composers.

Hector Berlioz

Dec 11, 1803

French Romantic composer, known for his innovative orchestration and dramatic expression. Famous for the programmatic Symphonie fantastique, which tells a vivid, autobiographical story through music. A key figure in the development of the modern orchestra.

Mendelssohn

Feb 3, 1809

German composer, conductor, and pianist of the early Romantic period. Known for the Overture to A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Violin Concerto in E minor, and Songs Without Words. His music is elegant, lyrical, and classically inspired.

Frédéric Chopin

Mar 1, 1810

Polish pianist and composer, master of Romantic piano music. His nocturnes, ballades, études, and polonaises showcase virtuosity and deep emotion. A key innovator in piano technique and expression.

Schumann

Jun 8, 1810

German Romantic composer and music critic. Renowned for piano works, lieder, and symphonies, such as Carnaval and Dichterliebe. His career was cut short by mental illness.

Franz Liszt

Oct 22, 1811

Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor. A key figure of the Romantic era, known for transcendental piano works like Hungarian Rhapsodies and Liebesträume. Innovator of the symphonic poem and master of dramatic expression.

Richard Wagner

May 22, 1813

German composer who revolutionized opera with his "music dramas". His Ring Cycle, Tristan und Isolde, and Parsifal introduced new harmonies and leitmotifs. Highly influential but controversial.

Giuseppe Verdi

Oct 10, 1813

Italian opera giant. His works, like La Traviata, Aida, and Rigoletto, are rich in drama and unforgettable melodies. Also composed the famous Requiem.

Clara Schumann

Sep 13, 1819

German pianist, composer, and teacher, one of the most distinguished musicians of the Romantic era. She composed piano pieces, lieder, and chamber music and influenced her husband Robert Schumann’s career. A pioneer for women in classical music.

Smetana

Mar 2, 1824

Czech composer, considered the father of Czech national music. Best known for Má vlast (especially The Moldau), which celebrates Czech landscapes and legends. Also composed the opera The Bartered Bride.

Brahms

May 7, 1833

German composer, often seen as Beethoven’s successor. Known for symphonies, chamber music, and piano pieces, including A German Requiem and Hungarian Dances. His music blends Romantic expressiveness with classical structure.

Mussorgsky

Mar 21, 1839

Russian composer, also part of "The Five", known for his bold, innovative style. Famous for Pictures at an Exhibition, Night on Bald Mountain, and the opera Boris Godunov. His music often reflects Russian folklore and history.

Rimsky-Korsakov

Mar 18, 1840

Russian composer and master orchestrator, part of "The Five" nationalist composers. Best known for Scheherazade, Capriccio Espagnol, and The Flight of the Bumblebee, which showcase his vivid, colorful orchestration.

Antonín Dvořák

Sep 8, 1841

Czech composer celebrated for incorporating folk music into classical forms. His Symphony No. 9 "From the New World", Slavonic Dances, and Cello Concerto are among his most famous works, blending lyricism with rhythmic vitality.

Chaikovsky

May 7, 1843

Russian composer, master of ballet music with works like The Nutcracker, Swan Lake, and Sleeping Beauty. Also known for his symphonies, piano concertos, and operas. His music is emotional, melodic, and beloved worldwide.

Edvard Grieg

Jun 15, 1843

Norwegian composer and pianist, known for expressing Norwegian folk music in his compositions. His Piano Concerto in A minor and Peer Gynt Suites (featuring Morning Mood and In the Hall of the Mountain King) are widely loved.

Puccini

Dec 22, 1858

Italian verismo opera composer. Known for emotional storytelling and iconic operas like La Bohème, Tosca, and Madama Butterfly. His aria Nessun dorma is world-famous.

Hugo Wolf

Mar 13, 1860

Austrian composer specializing in lieder, influenced by Wagner. His song cycles, like Mörike-Lieder, are highly expressive and harmonically innovative.

Gustav Mahler

Jul 7, 1860

Austrian composer and conductor, a bridge between Romanticism and Modernism. His ten symphonies and orchestral song cycles (Das Lied von der Erde) are deeply emotional and grand in scale.

Debussy

Aug 22, 1862

French composer, a pioneer of Impressionism in music, though he disliked the term. Known for Clair de Lune, Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune, and La Mer. His music features rich harmonies, tonal ambiguity, and evokes vivid atmospheres.

Jean Sibelius

Dec 8, 1865

Finnish composer, central to Finland’s national identity. Known for his symphonies, Finlandia, and Violin Concerto in D minor. His music blends Nordic nature, folklore, and innovative orchestral textures.

Arnold Schönberg

Sep 13, 1874

Austrian composer, founder of the twelve-tone technique (dodecaphony), which revolutionized modern music. Early works like Verklärte Nacht are Romantic, while later works like Pierrot Lunaire and his twelve-tone compositions are highly atonal and groundbreaking.

Ravel

Mar 7, 1875

French composer often associated with Impressionism, though his style is more precise and structured. Famous for Boléro, Pavane for a Dead Princess, and Daphnis et Chloé. Master of orchestration and color, blending classical form with modern harmonies.

Manuel de Falla

Nov 23, 1876

Spanish composer, key figure in Spanish nationalistic music. His works, like El amor brujo, Nights in the Gardens of Spain, and The Three-Cornered Hat, combine Andalusian folk elements with Impressionist and Neoclassical influences.

Bartok

Mar 25, 1881

Hungarian composer and ethnomusicologist, known for incorporating Eastern European folk music into classical forms. His works like Concerto for Orchestra and Mikrokosmos showcase rhythmic complexity and innovative harmony.

Igor Stravinsky

Jun 17, 1882

Russian-born composer, one of the most influential of the 20th century. Known for The Firebird, Petrushka, and The Rite of Spring, which introduced complex rhythms and bold harmonies. Constantly evolved his style, embracing Neoclassicism and serialism.

Joaquín Turina

Dec 9, 1882

Spanish composer and pianist, blending Andalusian folk music with French Impressionism. Known for Danzas fantásticas, La procesión del Rocío, and Sinfonía sevillana. His music reflects Spanish rhythms and colors.

Kódaly

Dec 16, 1882

Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, and educator known for his contributions to folk music research and music education (Kodály Method).

Heitor Villa-Lobos

Mar 5, 1887

Brazilian composer, blending classical music with Brazilian folk traditions. Famous for Bachianas Brasileiras and Chôros series, he played a key role in shaping Brazilian classical music. His style is rhythmic, colorful, and bold.

George Gershwin

Sep 26, 1898

American composer who fused jazz with classical music. Known for Rhapsody in Blue, An American in Paris, and the opera Porgy and Bess (Summertime). His work helped bridge the gap between popular and classical genres.

Olivier Messiaen

Dec 10, 1908

French composer and organist, known for rhythmic innovation, birdsong inspiration, and spiritual themes. Famous for Quartet for the End of Time, Turangalîla-Symphonie, and Catalogue d’oiseaux. His music is deeply mystical and colorful.

Pierre Schaeffer

Aug 14, 1910

French composer, considered the father of musique concrète, which uses recorded sounds instead of traditional instruments. His Étude aux chemins de fer was a groundbreaking work in electronic music.

John Cage

Sep 5, 1912

American avant-garde composer, pioneer of chance music and experimental sounds. Famous for 4′33″ (a silent piece), works for prepared piano, and using everyday sounds in music. Challenged traditional ideas of what music is.

Pierre Henry

Dec 9, 1926

French composer and a leading figure in electronic music and musique concrète. Worked with Schaeffer on Symphonie pour un homme seul and later composed Variations pour une porte et un soupir. His work influenced modern electronic music.

Philip Glass

Jan 31, 1937

American composer, a major figure in minimalist music. Known for Einstein on the Beach, Glassworks, and film scores (The Hours, Koyaanisqatsi). His music features repetitive structures, gradual changes, and hypnotic rhythms.

Alex Turner

Jan 6, 1986

Alex Turner es el líder, vocalista y principal compositor de Arctic Monkeys, además de haber trabajado en proyectos como The Last Shadow Puppets y su álbum en solitario Submarine (2011). Conocido por sus letras ingeniosas y estilo versátil, ha llevado a la banda desde el garage rock inicial hasta sonidos más sofisticados en discos como AM (2013) y The Car (2022). Es considerado uno de los músicos más influyentes de su generación.

The Weekend

Feb 16, 1990

The Weeknd es un cantante, compositor y productor canadiense que revolucionó el RB contemporáneo con su estilo oscuro y melancólico. Saltó a la fama con sus mixtapes en 2011, consolidándose con álbumes como Beauty Behind the Madness (2015) y After Hours (2020), que incluyen éxitos como "Blinding Lights", "Save Your Tears" y "The Hills". Su sonido ha evolucionado del RB alternativo al synth-pop y new wave, convirtiéndose en uno de los artistas más influyentes del siglo XXI.

Nirvana (Nevermind)

Sep 24, 1991

Nevermind is Nirvana's second studio album, It was a landmark record in rock history and helped define the Seattle grunge movement, blending elements of punk, metal, and classic rock.

Creep (radiohead)

Sep 9, 1992

The song "Creep" by Radiohead was the lead single from their debut studio album, Pablo Honey. Although it wasn't an immediate commercial hit, over time it became one of the band's most iconic songs and an anthem of 90s alternative rock.

Arctic Monkeys

Jun 13, 2002

Arctic Monkeys es una banda británica de rock alternativo formada en 2002 en Sheffield. Su álbum debut (2006) fue un éxito récord. Con hits como "Do I Wanna Know?" y "R U Mine?", evolucionaron del garage rock al rock experimental. Son una de las bandas más influyentes del siglo XXI

Erreway beginning

Jul 29, 2002

Erreway was born in 2002 as a side project with the successful youth series Rebelde Way. The band formed by Camila Bordonaba, Benjamín Rojas, Felipe Colombo and Luisana Lopilato also had their own story within Rebelde Way and their songs made up the soundtrack of the series.

Crepúsculo (Twilight)

Oct 5, 2005

Bella Swan se muda a Forks, Washington, donde conoce a Edward Cullen, un misterioso chico que resulta ser un vampiro. A pesar del peligro, se enamoran. Un vampiro nómada, James, la persigue para matarla, pero Edward y su familia la salvan. Edward se niega a convertirla en vampiro, dejando abierta la historia.

Modern Family

Sep 23, 2009

Modern Family is an American comedy television series that premiered on ABC network. It was created by Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan. The show follows the lives of three diverse families.

Sour (Olivia Rodrigo)

May 21, 2021

Olivia Rodrigo's debut album, SOUR, quickly became a major success, both commercially and critically, showcasing Olivia's raw and emotional songwriting, combined with a mix of pop, pop-punk, and alternative rock influences.