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Jan 1, 711
al-Andalus map
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Period: 711 to 718
The conquest of the Visigoth Kingdom
A small Muslim army led by Tarik crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and defeated the Visigoths in the battle of Guadalete.
Other Muslim armies had no resistance because the Visigoth Kingdom had economic crisis and internal disputes.
In 722, they controlled almost all of the Peninsula, but there was a mountainous strip of the north that wasn't conquered by the Muslims, so the Hispano-Visigoths took refuge. -
Period: Jan 1, 711 to Jan 1, 1492
Al-Andalus was a Muslim State on the Iberian Peninsula
The goverments and borders changed because of the disputes between different groups. -
Feb 1, 711
Battle of Guadalete
It lasted two days. -
Period: 718 to 756
A Dependent Emirate
After conquering Hispania, the Emirate of al-Andalus was stabilished by the Umayyad Caliph of Damascus, and the capital in Córdoba being ruled by an Emir.
In the mid-8th century, the Islamic Empire got controlled by the Abbasid dynasty from Baghdad. -
756
Abd al Rahman I
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Period: 756 to 929
An Independent Emirate
The last member of the Umayyad clan, Abd al-Rahman proclaimed himself an independent emir under the name of ''Abd al Rahman I'' after he fled to al-Andalus. He also founded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba. The Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba had its own administrative and legal structure, and remained under Baghdad's religious authority. -
Jan 1, 929
Abd al-Rahman III
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Period: 929 to 1031
The Golden Age of the Umayyad Caliphate
Emir Abd al-Rahman III named himself Caliph to strengthen his power and impose authority over the other rival al-Andalus clans. He also proclaimed independence from Baghdad's religious authority.
The Calphate of Córdoba was an economic, cultural and scientific golden age, Córdoba became Europe's most populated city.
Thanks to the Azeifas of Al-Mansur, the Caliphs suppressed internal rebelions and Christian advances. The Azeifas also forced the Christian kingdoms to pay Parias. -
Jan 2, 929
Azeifas
Saracens used military raids (Azeifas) to make in the summer in the Christian territories. -
Jan 2, 929
Al-Mansur
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Jan 2, 929
Parias
Annual payment that was made in currency by a Muslim power to a Christian power. -
Period: 1031 to 1238
The division into Taifa kingdoms
The Caliphate went into a crisis because of the high cost of the army and rivalry between the nobles and the military to escape the caliph's control.
In 1031, al-Andalus was divided into over 25 independent kingdoms, or taifas, by te Muslim aristocracy. Each Taifa had a major city, and this fragmentation led the Christian kingdoms in the north to Attack.
To prevent the conquest, the Almoravids (1086) and the Almohads (1147) arrived on the Peninsula and took control of most Taifas. -
Jan 2, 1031
Almoravids
North African Muslim people. The picture is about the Almoravid dynasty. (I couldnt find anything else). -
Jan 2, 1031
Almohads
Another North African Muslim people. The picture is the Almohad Caliphate. (I couldn't find anything else either). -
Jan 2, 1031
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
The Christians defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Las Navas De Tolosa in 1212, and the Christians conquered virtually all taifa kingdoms. -
Period: 1238 to 1492
The Narsid kingdom of Granada
The kingdom of Granada was the last Muslim enclave, founded by the Nasrid dynasty in 1238.
Thanks to trade and agriculture, the Nasrid kingdom was prosperous for over two centuries. Granada became an important commercial and cultural hub. Unfortunately, the Nasrid Kings had to pay Castile heavy taxes.
In the late 15 century, Boadbil, the last Nasrid king, surrendered Granada in 1942 when the Catholic Kings decided to conquer the kingdom. Boadbil ended almost 800 years of Islamic rule on the I.P. -
Jan 2, 1238
Boadbil
The last Nasrid king. -
Boabdil surrendered Granada
Boabdil surrendered Granada to the Catholic Kings. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Surrender_of_Granada#The_painting