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In 711 a Muslim army crossed the strait of Gibraltar and defeated the Visigoth at the Battle of Guadalete.The visigoth kingdom was suffering economic crisis,so other Muslims armies encountred almost no resistence.
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The Muslims controlled the Peninsula in 722.Damascus established the emirate of Al-Andalus its capital was Córdoba ruled by an emir Abd al Rahman I.
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The Abbasid dynasty took the control and the last member of Umayyad and he proclaimed an independent emir.