-
Berber attacks and the beginning of al-Andalus. Roderic was killed in the battle, along with many members of the Visigothic nobility, opening the way for the capture of the Visigothic capital of Toledo. -
Al-Andalus becomes a new province of the Caliphate of Damascus. It set its capital in Córdoba, and was governed by emirs (dependent on the government in the east) under the supervision of the caliph.
-
A small Muslim army that were led by Tarik defeated the Visigoths. It was easier to defeat the Visigoths because they had a economic crisis so Muslims armies encoured no resistance.
-
The Muslims controlled most of the Peninsula except in the north, in the north where Hispano-Visigoths refuged -
In the year 750 there was the massacre of the Umayyads at the hands of the Abbasids in Damascus. -
Abderramán manages to escape and reaches the peninsula. He defeated the governor of Córdoba and proclaimed himself independent emir of Baghdad in 756 under the name Abderramán I. He would represent the highest political authority, although he continued to accept the religious authority of the caliph. In the almost two centuries of government, al-Andalus went through turbulent times: confrontations with the Franks, with the Christians
-
Abd al-Rahman III managed to quell internal revolts and Christian incursions. He proclaimed himself caliph in 929, becoming the highest political and religious authority of the kingdom. In 976 the young Hisham II came to the caliphate. And the government remained in the hands of the general, al-Mansur (Almanzor) who personally directed the policy of the Caliphate.
-
-
After the death of Almanzor, internal fighting weakened al-Andalus. And in 1031 the caliphate was divided into thirty political and territorial units called taifas. The taifas were at odds with each other and with the Christian kingdoms of the north.
-
-
Christians conquered Toledo moving the Muslim border to the Tajo. -
The Almoravids, fundamentalists of Islam settled in the Sahara, crossed the Strait, defeated the Christian armies and reunified al-Andalus. But within a few years, his generals fell into the luxury and corruption of their predecessors. This facilitated a new Christian offensive.
-
In 1147 they were replaced by the Almohads, who also came from North Africa, launched an important general offensive against the Christian kingdoms. They managed to maintain the Andalusian State for a few more years. But a coalition of Christian kings led by Alfonso VIII of Castile and European crusaders supported by the pope defeated the Muslims in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.
-
Christians virtually conquered all taifa kingdoms. Except Granada -
The kingdom of Granada became the last Muslim territory on the peninsula, and was ruled by the Nasr family. He was very weak, he was a vassal of the king of Castile and León, the Granada rulers had to pay tribute to the Castilian kings and help them in case of war. The arrival of the Catholic Monarchs and internal clashes between the nobility facilitated the conquest of the Nasrid kingdom in 1492.
-
The Almohad Empire disintegrated in 1248. -
