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A small Muslim army led by Tarik crossed the Strait of Gibraltarand and defeated the Visigoths.
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They contolled almost all of the Peninsula except a narrow mountainous strip in the north, where the Hispano-Visigoths took refuge.
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The last member of the Umayyad clan, Abd al Rahaman, fled to al Andalus. He proclaimed himself an independent emir under the name Abd al Rahamad I and founded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba
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For al Andalus, the Caliphate of Córdoba was an economic, cultural and scientific golden age, and Córdoba became Europe´s most populated city.
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The caliphs suppressed internal rebellions and Christian advances thanks to the military expedition of Al-Mansur, who forced the Christian kingdoms tp pay taxes to keep the pace.
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