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In 711, a Muslim army whose leader was Tarik, passed through the Strait of Gibraltar and defeated the Visigoths in a battle called the Battle of Guadalete.
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After the Umayyad caliph of Damascus conquered the Iberian Peninsula, the Al-Andalus emirate was established. Its capital was in Córdoba and it was ruled by an Emir.
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By this time, they took control of almost all the territories except some montainous strips, in the north of the peninsula. -
From here on, the Emirate of Córdoba started prospering. -
They had their own administrative and legal structures, but they still didn´t had religious independance -
The emirate of Cordoba was an independent emirate with its capital in Cordoba that existed in the Iberian Peninsula between 756 and 929 which was ruled by the Umayyads.
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He obtained finally independance from religious authority of Baghdad´s -
The emir Abd al-Rahman III named himself caliph and obtained religious independance. The Caliphate was an economic, cultural and scientific golden age. Christian advances thanks to expeditions Al-Mansur, who forced to pay taxes.
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Because of this, Christians were forced to pay special taxes. -
In the early 11th century, high cost of army and rivality sent the Caliphate into a crisis. Al-Andalus was divided into 25 independant kingdoms or taifas by the Muslim aristocracy. This caused the attack from the Christians by the north of the Peninsula.
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Arrived the peninsula and took control of most Taifas -
As the Almoravids, they arrived the peninsula and took control of most of the Taifas. -
In this battle, the Christians defeated the muslims and took control of the Taifas. -
This was the last enclave of the Muslim era. This Kingdom was prosperous due to trade and agriculture. Kings had to pay taxes. Catholic kings wanted to conquer the kingdom. Boabdil was the last king.
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This marked the end of 800 years of the rule of Islamic empire in the Iberian Peninsula.