-
Period: Nov 17, 1558 to
Reign of Elizabeth the first in England
Queen Elizabeth the first reign started in 1558. She became queen of both England and Ireland together. Her reign ended in 1603, she was the last Tudor monarch. -
Period: Aug 23, 1572 to Oct 3, 1572
St Bartholomew day massacre
The Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of catholic mob violence directed against the Huguenots. This all happened during the French Wars of Religion. This massacre eventually led to a significant escalation of war and conflict between catholics and protestants in France. -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Queen of Scots was found guilty of plotting the assassination of her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I. The execution had also stabilized religion, and to ensure the well being of the Crown of England. -
Spanish Armada sinks
The Spanish Armada sank in the year 1588. It had been a significant naval victory for the English against the Spanish empire. This had marked a turning point in the war and contributed to the decline of Spanish dominance. -
Henry IV of France converts to catholicism
Henry IV converted to catholicism as a protestant to secure his hold on the french crown. With this action , he earned the resentment of the Huguenots and his ally Elizabeth I of England. Once converted, he issued the Edict of Nantes. -
Period: to
Reign of James the first of England
James the first of England reign lasted from 1603 - 1625. He was the son of Mary Queen of Scots. One of his very first acts as king was to cement the Church of England as the official religion of England. Elizabeth the first was his cousin, she died childless so he succeeded her. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years War was a series of conflict that came from religious/political tensions within the Holy Roman Empire. It had involved most of the major European powers and resulted in major territorial and political changes. -
Period: to
The English Civil War
armies loyal to Charles the first were in constant battle with parliament. They both faced off in three different civil wars. Parliament won, and executed King Charles I. This took 9 years to resolve. -
Period: to
Reign of Louis XIV
Louis XIV was known as the sun king. He had ruled France for over 72 years. His reign was the longest in European history. His biggest impact is that he centralized power in the monarchy and had became a symbol of absolutism. He had expanded French influence across Europe. -
Treaty of Westphalia
The Treaty of Westphalia effectively ended the Thirty Years War and the Eighty Years War. It had established a new political order in Europe and recognized the independence of the Dutch Republic. It had also introduced the principle of state sovereignty. -
Execution of Charles the first
Charles the first was executed in 1649. Oliver Cromwell, John Bradshaw, and Henry Ireton ordered the execution of Charles the first. The reason for the execution was because Charles was convicted of treason -
Period: to
Peter the Great
Peter the Great is mainly known for his extensive reforms. He sought to westernize the country and expand its influence. His reign saw and made the foundation of the Russian Empire and significant advancements in military, industry, and lastly culture. -
The Glorious Revolution(England)
The country had been invaded by a foreign army. The king of England fled during the invasion. The crown was offered by Parliament to William and Mary in 1689. William of Orange was the original invader.