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Afghanistan establishes as an independent nation
The year 1747 marks the definitive appearance of an Afghan political entity independent of both the Persian and Mughal empires -
1838–1842 and 1878–1880 First and Second Anglo-Afghan Wars g
The First Anglo-Afghan War (also known by the British as the Disaster in Afghanistan)[3] was fought between the British East India Company and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1839 to 1842.The Second Anglo-Afghan War was a military conflict fought between the British Raj and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1878-1880. The war was part of the Great Game between the British and Russian empires. -
1919 Independence is declared from Britain g.
. Following the Treaty of Rawalpindi, the king declared August 19, 1919, to be Afghanistan’s first independence day -
1933 Zahir Shah becomes king g.
Mohammed Zahir Shah was the last King of Afghanistan, reigning from 8 November 1933 until he was deposed on 17 July 1973. He expanded Afghanistan's diplomatic relations with many countries, including with both Cold War sides.[3] In the 1950s, Zahir Shah began modernizing the country following the example of Turkey. His long reign was marked by peace and stability that was lost afterwards -
1973 The king is overthrown in a coup and Afghanistan is declared a republic g.
The 1973 Afghan coup d'etat was the somewhat bloodless overthrow of King Mohammed Zahir Shah by the then-Army commander Lieutenant General Mohammed Daoud Khan on 17 July 1973. -
1978 The Afghan president is killed in an army coup. There is violent protest throughout the country
The murder of a leading Afghan Communist Party leader in early April 1978 may have encouraged the communists to launch their successful campaign against the Daoud regime later that month. -
1979 Soviet Union invades Afghanistan g #7
On December 24, 1979, the Soviet Union invades Afghanistan, under the pretext of upholding the Soviet-Afghan Friendship Treaty of 1978. -
1989 Soviets withdraw; civil war breaks out g.
The military withdrawal commenced soon after, with all Soviet forces leaving Afghanistan by 15 February 1989. -
1996 Taliban take over Kabul, the capital city.
The Taliban entered Kandahar in November 1994 to pacify the crime-ridden southern city, and by September 1996 seized the capital, Kabul, from President Burhanuddin Rabbani, an ethnic Tajik whom it viewed as anti-Pashtun and corrupt. -
1998 Taliban control 90% of Afghanistan
By 1998, the Taliban were in control of almost 90% of Afghanistan. Afghans, weary of the mujahideen's excesses and infighting after the Soviets were driven out, generally welcomed the Taliban when they first appeared on the scene. -
2001 (September) Leader of main Taliban opposition is assassinated
2001 September - Ahmad Shah Masood, leader of the main opposition to the Taliban - the Northern Alliance - is assassinated. -
2001 (October) US-led military force invade Afghanistan. Taliban regime collapses
The United States invasion of Afghanistan occurred after the September 11 attacks in late 2001 -
2006 NATO forces try to keep peace
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2010 NATO agrees plan to hand full control to Afghan security forces by 2014
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2012 Taliban move towards peace talks with the US and Afghan governments
