-
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
He was an astronomer that wrote the book that started the scientific revolution in 1543, the book was called “On The Revolution Of Celestial Spheres. -
1543
Scientific Revolution Starts
Took Place in Europe. -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo Galilei
was an astronomer who make really important discovers in the area of planetary movement. He was born on February 15, 1564 -
Proposal of Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
This laws involve the law of orbit, law of areas, and the law of periods which all relate to the math behind the movement of a planet or a series of planets. -
Johanne Kepler
He was a German astronomer that discovered that the planets moved in an elliptical orbit and also discover three major laws of planetary motion. -
Proposal of the 3 Laws of Planetary Movement
Johanne Kepler proposed his discovery of the way planets move and orbit in an elliptical orbit. The 3 laws discovered caused a great impact on the popular belief at the time. -
Thomas Hobbes
He wrote “The Elements of Law” in the year 1640 giving a philosophical focus to the readers which established his point of view in the political system. This was one of the factors that started the Enlightenment. “From the two principal parts of our nature, Reason and Passion, have proceeded two kinds of learning, mathematical and dogmatical.” -
John Comenius
He wrote “The way of light” which focused on revolutionizing education as mentioned in the book, “Overcoming the darkness will require four campaigns, for universal books, universal schools, a universal college, and a universal language.” -
Proposal of "Uniform in Virtue"
John Milton wrote this doctrine about discipline and reform in defense of domestic liberty. It was used to justify conclusions in relation to national discipline. -
Scientific Revolution Ends
Bibliography:
History - Copernicus. (n.d.). Retrieved August 20, 2017, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/copernicus.shtml Johannes Kepler. (n.d.). Retrieved August 20, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Kepler The Scientific Revolution. (n.d.). Retrieved August 20, 2017, from http://users.clas.ufl.edu/ufhatch/pages/03-sci-rev/sci-rev-teaching/03sr-definition-concept.htm -
John Locke
He started the process for what would be his most famous work, “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”. (1671). He is considered to be the “Father of Liberalism”. “Personal Identity depends on Consciousness not on Substance.” -
Enlightenment starts
All Europe, but it started in France. Primary Sources:
Hobbes, T., & Tönnies, F. (1889). The elements of law, natural and politic. London: Simpkin, Marshall. John Amos Comenius, The Way of Light, translated by E. T. Campagnac (The University Press of Liverpool, printed by Hodder & Stoughton (London), 1938). John Locke (1690). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1690. ... The Two Intellectual Worlds of John Locke: Man, Person, and Spirits in the Essay. -
Charles VI Dies
Roman emperor that was poisoned to death by consuming a meal of death cap mushrooms. -
Diderot Writes the Encyclopedia
Diderot is best known for being a co-founder to the Encyclopedia with Jean le Rond d'Alembert. He was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer. -
American Revolution starts
North America (west) Primary sources:
Quotes About American Revolution (80 quotes). (n.d.). Retrieved August 18, 2017, from https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/american-revolution
(n.d.). Retrieved August 18, 2017, from http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/washington.htm -
The Boston Masacre
A group of Patriot citizens started to harmlessly attacked a British sentinel. Therefore, a British officer called for more soldiers and started to kill the citizens. -
Declaration of Independence
It declared 13 american colonies as independent and free from British control. -
Benjamin Franklin
He convinced many americans to fight this war and he helped draft the Declaration of Independence in July 4, 1776. “We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately.” -
American Revolution ends
Secondary sources:
American Revolutionary War. (2017, August 16). Retrieved August 18, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War
Shmoop Editorial Team. (2008, November 11). Thomas Jefferson in The American Revolution. Retrieved August 18, 2017, from https://www.shmoop.com/american-revolution/thomas-jefferson.html
Timeline of the American Revolutionary War. (n.d.). Retrieved August 18, 2017, from http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/revwartimeline.html -
Economical Crisis (French Revolution)
France was going through an economical crisis because of the wars it had fought. So to recollect money the taxes were increased to a ridiculously high amount. -
US Constitution
It united the United States and declared all the laws of the nation. -
French Revolution Starts
Primary:
Louis XVIII of France Quotes. (n.d.). Retrieved August 20, 2017, from https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/l/louisxviii210953.html
Maximilien Robespierre Quotes. (n.d.). Retrieved August 20, 2017, from https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/maximilien184685.html -
Inequality (French Revolution)
The inequality between the upper classes and lower classes. The rich were only a small percentage who spend their money lavished, while the lower classes starved to death. -
The beginning of French revolution
Movements like the enlightenment promoted the french people to want change, change like voting and changing the constitution. The monarchy’s dismissal of the people also led to the french revolution. -
French Revolution (Enlightenment)
This revolution overthrew the monarchy in a social and political conflict led partially by Napoleon Bonaparte that later led to the expansion of the French Empire. -
George Washington
He commanded a continental army in Boston and was elected as the first president in February 4, 1789. “You will give one more distinguished proof of unexampled patriotism and patient virtue, rising superior to the pressure of the most complicated sufferings.” -
Maximilien Robespierre
He was an activist and lawyer that
supported the French Revolution. His time as a leader was
considered the Reign of terror because of the number of people
he and the Committee of Public Safety executed. He was later arrested and executed. He executed King Louis in 1792. “The secret of freedom lies in educating people, whereas the secret of tyranny is in keeping them ignorant.” -
King Louis XV
He was the last Royal France had. His handling of the
economy and lack conviction in important issues were one of the causes of the French Revolution. He was later arrested and executed(1792). “A king should die on his feet.” -
Marie Antoinette
She was the wife of King Louis. Her lavish way of spending money was badly view by the lower classes. She was executed in 1793. -
Napoleonic Empire starts
Europe, France -
French Revolution ended
Secondary sources:
Louis XVI of France. (2017, August 16). Retrieved August 20, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France
Marie Antoinette. (2017, August 17). Retrieved August 20, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Antoinette
Maximilien Robespierre. (2017, August 18). Retrieved August 20, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre -
Thomas Jefferson
He is considered part of the founding fathers in the Declaration of Independence and he was the first secretary of state, the second vice president, and the third president in February 17, 1801. -
Alexander I
First he allied with Napoleon by the Treaty of Tilsit, but then he was a member of the alliance that defeated Napoleon. -
Francis II
He was the last holy roman emperor. He lost his title when Napoleon dissolved the Holy Roman Empire. Francis proclaimed himself emperor of Austria in 1806 -
Battle of Leipzig
On october 1813 the French army was defeated by the allied armies of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden. Leipzig was the largest battle up to that time. -
Napoleon Bonaparte
He was a general, first consul and the emperor. He built the massive empire called the Napoleonic Empire. He was defeated in 1814 at the battle of Leizpigand he tried to return to power in 1815 but was defeated at Waterloo. -
Congress of Vienna
From 1814 to 1815 conference of the European powers in which they decided how to repair Europe after defeating Napoleon. The Congress was one of the most massive and significant treaties ever, and it created a Europe where the balance of power prevented a Europe-wide war for a hundred years. -
Enlightenment Ends
Secondary sources:
History.com Staff. (2009). Enlightenment. Retrieved August 20, 2017, from http://www.history.com/topics/enlightenment Szalay, J. (2016, July 07). What Was the Enlightenment? Retrieved August 20, 2017, from https://www.livescience.com/55327-the-enlightenment.html Thomas Hobbes: The Elements of Law Natural and Politic. (n.d.). Retrieved August 20, 2017, from http://www.constitution.org/th/elements.htm -
Napoleonic Empire ends
Primary source:
-Treaty of Paris(signed on May 30 1814)
-Treaty of Fontainebleau(signed April 11 1814)
Secondary sources:
Napoleonic Europe (1799-1815). (n.d.). Retrieved August 17, 2017, from http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/napoleonic/terms.html
Napoleon I. (n.d.). Retrieved August 17, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Napoleon-I#toc16225 -
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon was finally defeated by the British and Prussian on June 18 1815 at Waterloo.
