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Death of Elizabeth I
When Elizabeth I died, money was lost. Her death caused debt. She had no children and her nearest relative was James I.
http://www.elizabethi.org/contents/death/ -
James I
James I, was the King of Scotland took over England after the death of Elizabeth I, and became the ruler of both Scotland and England.
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/stuart-england/james-i/ -
Parliament
Parliament disagreed with James I on money, and James I offended the puritans of the parliament. When he died, he passed on his problems to his son Charles I.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_England -
Charles I
Charles I the son of James I, he was constantly at war with Spain and France. Because of this, he was always in need of money from parliament. Eventually the parliament decided that they would fund the war on the conditions of the petition of rights.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/charles_i_king.shtml -
Petition of Rights
The petition of rights was an agreement to fund the wars of CHarles I if he agreed to these terms
He would not imprison subjects without due cause
He would not levy taxes without Parliament’s consent
He would not house soldiers in private homes
He would not impose martial law in peacetime
http://study.com/academy/lesson/petition-of-right-of-1628-definition-summary.html -
Charles I dissolves Parliament
Charles I agreed to the Petition of Rights, but then he ignored it. In 1629, Charles I dissolved Parliament and refused to call it back into session. He got his money by putting taxes on everything.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-I-king-of-Great-Britain-and-Ireland -
Charles I calls Parliament back into session
Charles I decided he wanted his two countries to follow the same religion and Scotland decided to threaten war on England. Charles I needed money to fix it. He needed to reinforce Parliament.
http://bcw-project.org/church-and-state/crisis-in-scotland/short-parliament -
Autumn of 1641 laws
Parliament came out with laws that limited royal power. Charles I got mad and tried to arrest Parliament leaders, and so he fled to London to rally people that would support him.
https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/monarchy-5ac1d83b-43f7-4946-8b83-f7ba9db19b03 -
English Civil War
The English war was a war between the supporters and opposing side of Charles I. Those who supported Charles I, were called royalists or cavaliers, the other side was the puritans or the parliament.
http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/english-civil-wars -
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell was was a general fighting for the puritans. Cromwell overcame the cavaliers, and held the king prisoner.
http://www.olivercromwell.org/ -
Charles I Executed
Charles I was executed for treason against parliament. It was the first public death of a monarch.
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/charlesI.htm -
Oliver Cromwell rules England
Cromwell took out the monarchy and the House of Lords. He established commonwealth, a republican form of government, and his associate John Lambert drafted a constitution. He eventually tore up the document and became a dictator.
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/stuart-england/life-in-england-under-oliver-cromwell/ -
Restoration
Cromwell ruled until his death and then Charles II was elected the ruler, being the oldest son of Charles I. He restored the monarchy, this is what is called the restoration.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_(England) -
Charles II
Charles II was the son of Charles II, during his reign parliament passed a guarantee of freedom called the habeas corpus which means to have the body.
http://www.biography.com/people/charles-ii-of-england-39462 -
Habeas Corpus passed
The Habeas Corpus was passed to guarantee freedom to people. It protected against monarchs throwing people in jail just for opposing the ruler. And Prisoners could not be held indefinitely without trials.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Act_1679 -
James II
When Charles II died, James II became king. He offended many of his subjects because he was catholic. He appointed high officers who were also catholic, and had a son. People were afraid that they would be under the rule of catholic royals.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England -
William and Mary
James II had an older daughter Mary, who was protestant and married to a protestant prince, William of Orange. William and Mary were asked to overthrow James II for the sake of Protestantism.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_and_Mary -
Glorious Revolution
William brought soldiers to overthrow James II, but James fled to France. This bloodless overthrow is known as the Glorious Revolution.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorious_Revolution -
English Bill of Rights
The English Bill of Rights was made after William and Mary vowed to recognize parliament as their partner in governing. England was now a constitutional monarchy. The Bill of Rights clearly states what a ruler cannot do
No suspending of parliament’s laws
No levying of taxes without a specific grant from Parliament
No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament
No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances
https://www.landofthebrave.info/bill-of-rights-1689.htm -
Constitutional Monarchy
The Constitutional Monarchy was the new system of ruling where the rulers and the Parliament worked together. The rulers followed the Bill of Rights and worked with the Parliament to govern the people.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_England
