-
1763 Royal Proclamation
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, which forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. -
1830 Reserve System
Aboriginal peoples were seen as blocking future settlement of British North America and, as a result, were pushed on to reservations
sizes of the reserves were greatly reduced from previous occupied territories. Living conditions on reserves are lower than the rest of Canada, life expectancy is lower, suicide rates are higher and money is controlled by the Chief and councils who do not always allocate money wisely or fairly. -
1876 reserve system
The Indian Act of 1876 codified the methods through which Indian status and reserves were governed by the federal government. Immensely problematic, the Act has been amended several times to remove discriminatory policies, but is still an imperfect document. -
1960 Aboriginal Right to Universal Suffrage
On 31 March 1960, portions of Section 14(2) of the Canada Elections Act were repealed in order to grant the federal vote to status Indians. First Nations people could now vote without losing their Indian status. -
1968 National Indian Brotherhood and Native Council of Canada Formed
The National Indian Council was created in 1961 to represent indigenous people of Canada, including treaty/status Indians, non-status Indians, the Métis people, though not the Inuit.[2] This organization, however, collapsed in 1968 as the three groups failed to act as one, so the non-status and Métis groups formed the Native Council of Canada and the treaty/status groups formed the National Indian Brotherhood (NIB), an umbrella group for provincial and territorial organizations. -
1969 White Paper
The 1969 White Paper was a Canadian policy paper proposal made in 1969 by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and his Minister of Indian Affairs, Jean Chrétien. The White Paper would abolish the Indian Act, which the federal government viewed as discriminatory, dismantling the special legal relationship between Aboriginal peoples and the Canadian state in favour of equality. -
1969 Residential School System Abolished but not all closed
Residential schools were government-sponsored religious schools established to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture. In 1969, the system was taken over by the Department of Indian Affairs, ending church involvement. The government decided to phase out the schools, but this met with resistance from the Catholic Church, which felt that segregated education was the best approach for Native children. Some schools remained open for many more years, the last one closed in 1996. -
Assembly of the First Nations
The Assembly of First Nations is a national advocacy organization representing First Nation citizens in Canada, which includes more than 900,000 people living in 634 First Nation communities and in cities and towns across the country. -
1980 Movement toward self Government
In the late 20th and the early 21st centuries, and Aboriginal peoples saw their rights to self-government affirmed in the Constitution Act, 1982, and in international documents. The right to self-government, however, is far from being enshrined in law. -
1985 Passing of Bill C-31
The three principles that guided the amendments to the Indian Act were:
-Removal of discrimination
-Restoring status and membership rights
-Increasing control of Indian bands over their own affairs. -
Period: to
Meech Lake
To become law the Accord had to be ratified within three years by Parliament and the legislatures of all 10 provinces in accordance with s41 of the Constitution Act of 1982. In early June of 1990, all premiers finally agreed to ratify the Accord subject to guarantees of further constitutional discussions following the Accord, on such issues as an elected Senate, the amending formula itself, and equality and aboriginal issues. -
Period: to
The Oka Stand Off
The Oka Resistance was a land dispute between a group of Mohawk people and the town of Oka, Quebec. The town of Oka was developing plans to expand a golf course and residential development onto land which had traditionally been used by the Mohawk. It included pineland and a burial ground, marked by standing tombstones of their ancestors. The Mohawks had filed a land claim for the allegedly sacred grove and burial ground near Kanesatake, but their claim was rejected in 1986 on technical grounds. -
Period: to
Nisga'a Treaty
The Nisga'a Treaty is a treaty settled between the Nisg̱a'a, the government of British Columbia, and the Government of Canada. As part of the settlement in the Nass River valley nearly 2,000 square kilometres of land was officially recognized as Nisg̱a'a, and a 300,000 cubic decameter water reservation was also created. Bear Glacier Provincial Park was also created as a result of this agreement. Thirty-one Nisga'a placenames in the territory became official names. -
Period: to
Gustafasen Lake BC
The Gustafsen Lake standoff was a confrontation between the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and the Ts'peten Defenders in the interior of British Columbia, Canada, at Gustafsen Lake. The standoff began on August 18, 1995, and ended on September 17, 1995. The RCMP operation would end up being the most costly of its kind in Canadian history. -
Period: to
Ipperwash Ontario
The incident occurred in Ontarios Provincial park and was a standoff between Kettle and Stony Point First Nation and Canadas RCMP and military. The Kettle and Stony Point First Nation were protesting for land that was taken from them in 1942 for a military base. This was done after the Aboriginal group requested many times to have the land returned. -
Delgamuluukw Case
-Aboriginal title is the idea that the land in Canada is owned by the native people, and illegally occupied by the white settler's defendants.
-The supreme court defined Aboriginal title and what requirements had to be met in order for the natives to claim sovereignty over that land. The Requirements were
-They must have occupied the territory before the declaration of sovereignty
-Must prove continued occupation between the declaration of sovereignty and before it. -
Creation of Nunavut
-Map of Canada changed
-Former North West Territory divided into two creating the new territory Nunavut.
-Inuit language is Inuktitut
-Word "Nunavut" means our land.
