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Steam Engine
James Watt made huge improvments to Thomas Newcomen's steam engine. Made the first mobile train. England then became the farthest ahead in technology, allowing England to take over other parts of the world. -
Storming of Bastille
People forced the king to sign the Right of Man, and caprtured the royal family. This way they could force them to do what the people wanted, this was the beginning of the fall of the monarchy in France. -
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French Revolution
Began because people hungry, starving. Kings and queens ignored people, people revolt. Kill Louis XVI and wife killed, feudalism destroyed. Napoleon takes over France. -
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Haitian Revolution
Haiti was a french colony of slaves, produced much sugar cane. 1791 revolt of slaves led by Toussaint L'Ouverture. Spain and England offer to help France (no one likes free slave state) Napoleon denies. 1802- Napoleon leads army to Haiti, loses. Haiti independent 1805 (constitution.) -
Haiti Revoltuion
Beginning of Haiti Revolution against france, when napoleon came and lost -
Independence of Mexico
Began 1810, offcially independent from Spain in 1821. The first man to ring a bell and call for the Mexican Revolution was Hidalgo. He wanted too much (freedom of slaves...) Jose Morelos tried and also failed. Augustin de Hurbide, against Hidalgo and Jose- wins against spain. Declares himself emperor- overthrown for republic of Mexico. Thus, Mexico could prosper Independce day- September 16th- El Grito -
Congress of Viennna
Congess of Great Powers of Europe met at Vienna, and it was headed by Austria. They created the German Confederation, but did not unite Germany when they could have. Austria did this because they saw the United Germany as a threat. -
First Opium War
Began because Commissioner Lin wanted to end Opium trade because his son died from overdose. The Chinese were defeated, had to sign Treaty of Nanking in 1842. It forced them to keep ports open to foreign trader, this was embarrissing to China and showed the Western dominance over them. -
Communist Manifesto
This book was written by Karl Marx, who believed that industrial capitalism was bad because it created a giant difference between the rich and the poor. In his book, "Communist Manifesto", he said Socialism (communism) was the solution. (People own and operate means of production) He also said the Haves-Bourgeosie (Factory owners) and the have nots-proletariat (Taken advantage of, the workers) would have a war, and the proltariat would win. -
Matthew Perry goes to Japan
On this day, Matt Perry took 4 steam boats to Japan, after Japan had not had open trade in 2 centuries. Matt brought with him a lette from the President of the United States, and Japan realized they could not fight technology, March 31, 1854- Treaty of Kanagwa. Creates friendship and trading between Japan and America. -
Arrow War
Resulted from China's objection to Opium trade, China again loss, which led to an era of humiliation in China. They had to sign the Treaty of Tianjin, which opened 11 ports, allowed foreign envoys to reside in Beijing, admit missionaries to China, permitted foreigners to travel in the interior, and legalized importation of Opium. -
Sepoy Mutiny
In 1857 British had political control of India. Mutiny of Sepoy (natives in British army) began when natives were put in irons for refusing to accept new cartridges and rescued by other natives. Didn't accept because catridges had to be bitten off before use and were rubbed in fat of beef and pork, offensive to Hindus and Muslims. The sepoy's captrued Delhi, but the British soon recaptured it and regained control of India. -
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Unification of Germany
Otto Von Bismarch-Prussian prime minister (1862) goal was to unite German states under Prussian leadership. First needed Prussia dominate.Then, need enemy all Germany will unite against-> Franco-Prussian war. In January 1871, France surrenders. Wilhelm II becomes Kaiser (1888)- Germany becomes leading industrial power, and competes for colonies -
Zulu Uprising
Zulu's populate South Africa. After much of Zulu area had been given to British, Zulu people decided they did not want to be under British Rule, and had first uprising in 1879. After 6 months of being succesful in war, British conquered Zulu and exiled Zulu kings and divided up zulu kingdom. In 1906 the Zulu's had another uprising to try to gain back their ancient kingdom. -
Berlin Conference
For three months fourteen countries were represented to decide on how to divide Africa. Intial task of conferance was to agree Congo and Niger river mouths and basins would be considered neutral and open to trade. Africa was not represented. King Leopold II divided up continent for colonization. The result is Africa now holds many wars because in the conference they just randomly divided up Africa without thinking of the people living there, the economy was hurt, and the traditions hurt. -
Wilhelm II
becomes Kaiser -
Russio-Japanese War
Started with conflict between Russia and Japan when they were both expanding into East Asia. After Russia gained control of Port Arthur and expanded into Manchuria, it faced growing power of Japan. In Februart of 1905, the war began. Japan won, got Korea and part of Manchuria -
Dr. Sun Yat-sen takes over China
China was consitantely being defeated, wants a constitutional monarchy of republic. After the revolt in 1911, Dr. Sun Yat-sen takes over, wants republic based on 3 principles of the people (nationalism- free China, Democracy-representative government, livelihood-economic security) He was then named president of new republic. 1921 Dr. Sun gets control of South China. Problem: powerful warlords, Dr. Sun steps down, Jiang Jie Shi is new leader, doesn't care for republic, defeats many warlords.
