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Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Europe
From France to Russia great political and social reforms took place under an absolute monarchy. -
As absolutism in England decreases, Constitutionalism increases
Between 1603 and 1649, royal absolutism in England lowly declined, and a consitutionalism emerged. Consitutionalism can take a monarchical or republican form. -
Louis XIII becomes King of France
Louis XIII was born on this day in 1601. He became King nine years later when he was about 17 years old. -
The Rise of Austria and Prussia
The Habsburgs crushed the mostly Protestant nobilit, bringing in Catholics and binding local peasants to them until 1650. After defeating the Turkish siege of Vienna the Habsburg s began increasing their territory at the Ottoman expense.The Hohenzollerns in Prussia were able to consolidate their power under Frederick the Great, who also helped layed the foundations of a militaristic nation. -
Louis XIII started the revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Louis XIII moved to end the Protestant independence. -
Cardinal Richelieu Appointed to the Council of Ministers
After letting King Louis XIII lead the troops at La Rochelle Island, he was shown a lot of respect. -
Cardinal Richelieu supported foundation of French Academy
He also supported the standardization of the French language by the Academy. -
Mazarin provoked an aristocratic rebellion that became known as the Fronde.
This event followed the deaths of King Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu, and lasted until 1653. The most important issue was high taxes. This event provoked King Louis XIV that the only alternative to anarchy was an absolute monarchy. -
King Louis XIV has the Palace of Versailles made into the center of his political career.
The Palace was a tool of state policy. He used his court ceremonies, entertainments, spies, and informers to reduce the power of the nobility. -
Financial and Economic Management with Jean-Baptist Colbert
Jean-Baptist Colbert used subsidies for domestic industries, tariffs, and policies in order to make France self-sufficient and also to boost French exports. -
French Classicism
Refers to the imitation of Roman and Greek artistics models together with the values of discipline, restraint, and balance in art. French artists and musicians generally had to glorify the state and Louis XIV. -
Restoration of English Monarchy
Charles II returned to England from exile and attempted to conciliate Parliament. But religious preferences caused issues for Charles and James II, so James' daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange took the throne. -
Louis XIV finally revoked the Edict of Nantes
He viewed it as an affront to his own claims to power. This revocation had a negative impact on economy and foreign affairs. -
The Development of Russia
After Ivan III assumed the leadership of the Orthodox Church, Ivan IV took the throne and launched a reign of terror against the boyar nobility. Peter the Great obtained the throne at the start of the Romanov dynasty and made many reforms including increasing military, western styled schools, modernized army and social life. -
Glorious Revolution
Parliaments expulsion of James was guaranteed by a Bill of Rights, it also guaranteed the independence of the judiciary, sole power of Parliament to make laws, and freedom to debate in Parliament. All Protestants were granted religious toleration under this revolution. -
Second Treatise of Civil Government
Written by John Locke and was a defense of the Glorious REvolution. Locke believed that government was a contract between ruled and ruler for life, liberty and property. -
War of Spanish Succesion
England, Austria, Holland and Prussia united together against France to preserve the European balance of power. Ended in 1713 with the Peace of Utrecht, which reduced Spain's power and increased England's power.
