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Period: to
Reconstruction period
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Lincoln's plan
known as the 10% plan, whenever 10% of southerns pledged future loyalty to the north then theyy could establish a state government.
Importance: Angered radicals in the north who wanted harsher punishments and started reconstruction. Congress refuses to acknolwegde the state representitaves put into power under this plan -
Congress's plan
Wade-Davis bill, requires majority of voters in 1860 election to take oat of loyalty. But only those who can prove that they didnt fight against the north may participate in rebuilding their governments. bill is vetoed by lincoln
Importance: Further angers radicals in the north because Lincoln is too soft of the southerners -
Bureau
Congress creates freedman's bureau, gave people basic shelter, medical supplies, help with contracts, and the establishment of schools. Only 900 agents in the south
Importantance: Showed that not all plans are really effective but the north was willing to rebuild the south. -
civil war ends
Lee surrenders to Grant in Virginia, basically ends civil war. incoln is assassinated days later, his vice president Andrew Johnson takes over
Importance: End of the civil war, starts actual reconstruction. Johnson takes overin favor of the south from Lincoln -
Johnson's plan
gave general amnesty to anyone beside the rich or confederate generals that took an oath loyality, made states ratify the 13th admendment and repudiate their debts.
Importance: Showed Johnson's bias towards the south, he was a southerner himself. Angered northerners even greater than Lincoln's plans did. -
Congress's Refusal
congress doesnt recognize states that are reformed under johnson's plan. they are distubed by the unwillingness of southerners to comprimise even though they lost.
Importance: further plans were stopped, even longer before real reconstruction would begin for the south -
Freedmen's bureau act
Congress wanted to extend freedman's bureau indefinitely and give military control of the south, however Johnson vetoes.
Importance; Showed Johnson's inability to cooperate and overall subborness; he surprised many republicans -
riot
a race riot erupts in Memphlis tennessee
Importance: Showed nations instability and willingness of blacks to obtain equal rights -
14th admendment
Congress aproves the 14th admendment, defining citizenship as being naturally born in the United States. Also forbids state governments from denying any person due process of law, privledges and immunities, and equal protection
Importance: defined citizenship for the first time and started the equal rights movement -
2nd Freedman's bureau
congress tries to pass the freedman's bureau act again, but johnson vetoes it. however congress is able to override his veto and is is passed. Tenesee is readmitted after ratifing the 14th admendment and a race riot breaks out in New Orleans.
Importance: Congress starts to hate Johnson and growing instability in the south causes yet another riot. -
Campaign attempts
Johnson went on a speaking tour, but just made a fool of himself. He suggest the execution of the radical republican party head and blames congress for the New Orleans riot.
Importance: People further lose hope in Johnson, he makes an ass of himself and is suspected to be drunk -
Mid-Term Elections
Republicans take over congress, ensuring tht they can override any veto of Johnson's
Importance: Johnson becomes powerless to congress, their majority overrides anything he can do. -
Progress
Congress passes their first reconstruction bill. the confederacy is divided into 5 districts, under the control of military governors and backed by federal troops. Johnson vetoes this bill, but congress overrides it.
Importance: Made Johnson furtherly uneeded, this was also the first real step towards rebuilding the south -
Thrid Try
congress enacts the third reconstruction act, allowing military governors to remove politicans from office.
Importance: Grew the power of the federal government greatly, but also allowed for the eradication of confederates from the south. -
Allaince?
the remaining 10 un reconstructed states had constitutional conventions and begin the process of reconstruction under the congressional plan. there are currently 15,000 troops in the south
Importance: First sign of real progress for reconstruction, things began to actually get done -
Fourth try
congress passes the fourth reconstruction plan, allowing the new state constitutions to be passed by a single majority in each state. The House of Representitaves moves to impeach Johnson after several blunders.
Importance: Johnson is about to be the first president impeached and states were able to readmitted easier. -
Impeachment
the senate votes to impeach Johnson, he remains in office but the Democratic party refuses him renomination.
Importance; Johnson is finnaly brought to justice for being such a terrible president -
readmission
the representitaves from seven states are readmitted to the Union, Alabama, Arkansas, Floridia, Georgia, Louisianna, North and South Carolina.
Importance: Future progress in reforming the Union, reconstruction had truly begun. -
Ratification
the 14th admendment is added to the U.S constitution, being one of the most important added ever since.
Importance: Constitution is further perfected and citizenship/equal rights are standardized. -
Election
Grant, the U.S civil war hero, is elected president over the democrat Horatio Seymour.
Importance: Republicans take control of the white house -
15th admendment
attempts to shore up equal rights movement, said no citizen could be denied the right to vote based on rece, color, previous condition of servitude.
Importance: congress really wanted equal rights for blacks, showed progress -
constitutionality
in the case Texas v White, the supreme court ruled that congressional reconstruction superceeded any previous state governement and made succession illegal.
Importance: Greatly increased the power of the federal governements and allowed reconstruction to go on unhampered -
Reformers
"Redeemer" governments are elected in the south, southerners want to replace biracial politicans put in place by congress.
Importance: Attempts at equality were sidesteped by southerners -
Further Readmission
congress agrees to admit he representitave from the three reamaining states, Mississippi, texas, and Virginia.
Importance: Congress was once again whole, all the previous confederate states had rejoined -
15th admendment
the 15th admendment is adopted and becomes part of the constitution
Importance: Constitution is further perfected and equal rights are gaurnteed for all citizens -
Enforcement Act
congress makes it illegal to bribe, intimidate, or racially deiscriminate voters. It also makes conspiricy to break constitutional rights illict.
Importance: increased the power of the federal government and forced the use of the two new amendments -
Second enforcement
Congress passes an act allowing the federal government to supervise elections in cities 20,000 citizens and up.
importance: The south was largerly unaffected by this because most of its cities were smaller and didnt make the cut -
KKK act
granted federal governemnt the authority to punish anyone who denied anyone else of their equal rights and oprotunities. Also allows president to stop Habeas Corpus and use the military against anti civil rights conspiritors.
Importance: Grew power of federal government and showed the north's demands for equal rights amoung races. -
KK act in effect
Grant uses his ew powers under the KKK act to suspend Habeas Corpus and impose martial law in South Carolina
Importance: Showed south's racism and inablitiy to listen to the north -
Grant wins
Grant wins the 1872 election against the newpaper man horace Greeley.
Importance: Kept republicans in power -
Redeemerism spreads
a redeemer style government is elected in Texas
Importance: redeemer style government spreads to texas, impeeding progress -
reversal of power
Democrats win both houses of congress for the first time since hte civil war. Redeemer style governements take over in Arkansas and Alabama.
Importance: redeemerism spread further and republicans lost power. -
Civil Rights
the outgoing republican congress enacts the Civil Rights act, which outlawed segregation in all major public areas
Importance: Last try of the republicans to give all citizens equal rights, the democrats will soon take power and shift he opposite way. -
Redeemers spread
redeemer government elected in mississippi
Importance: Now almost all of the south is controlled by the redeemers and little change will occur for blacks -
Presidental scandal
Samuel Tilden wins the elction by a narrow margin over Rutherford Hayes, the republican nominee. However Hayes wins some disupted electoral votes from the few remainging southern states with federal troops in them.
Importance: Electoral college ruled supreme and republicans keep power -
Hayes betrayal
Hayes removes troops from the remaining souther states and the last few southern states fall to redeemer governments. It is discovered that republicans bought Haye's presidency by agreeing to abandon reconstruction plans
Importance: Another president is elected illegiamtely and reconstruction ends
