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Thomas Hobbes
• Religion should be seperated from politics -
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John Locke
• Natural rights.
• Limited power to the King.
• Social contract between the people and the government.
• Freedom of religion. -
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Baron de Montesquieu
• The government should be broken down.
• 3 branches.
• One branch has control over another.
• Seperation of powers and checks and balances. -
English Bill of Rights
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Voltaire
• Things must be explained logically and reasonably.
• Fought against tolerance, tyranny, and superstition.
• Freedom of thought and respect for all individuals.
• Against any form of religion that was to strict and didn't accept the views of others. -
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Benjamin Franklin
• Single legislature with an advisory board.
• Slavery was morally wrong and should be abolished. -
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Individual Rights
• Individual freedom
• Majority rule -
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Adam Smith
• Individual freedom.
• Modern economics.
• Charity was a virtuous act but society should not depend on it. -
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Cesare Beccaria
• Dealth penalty and believed torture was wrong.
• Education reduces crime rates.
• Right to a speedy and fair trial.
• Punishment should fit the crime for all. -
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Thomas Jefferson
• Individuals freedom and rights should be protected by the government.
• Everyone should be able to get an education.
• Didn't want a government with too much power. -
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Father Hidalgo
• Freeing Mexico from harsh rule of foreigners.
• Marched through the streets of Mexico.
• He was captured and then shot.
• Fought for Mexican independence. -
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Mary Wollstonecraft
• Rights of women
• Inequalities in education
• Equal treatment of all human beings.
• People should be judged on individual merit and moral virtue.
• Wives as equals, not property. -
Seven Years’ War Peace Treaty between Great Britain and France
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The Coercive or Intolerable Acts
After the French and Indian war and the British government gave more taxes to the colonies. There was a total of five acts. -
Stamp Act passed by British Parliamen
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Tar and Feathering
A punishment where they tarred and feathered people. -
Repeal of Stamp Act
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Townsend Act, new revenue taxes on North American colonists
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Boston Massacre
The killing of five colonists by British regulars and it made the American colonies tense. -
Riots in Boston met with violence by British troops
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The Gaspee Incident
The Gaspee was a British Navy ship, which was chasing a ship that was smuggling goods. There was a group of men on the ship and they were led by John Brown. What they did was they wounded the lieutenant of the ship then set the ship on fire. -
Committees of Correspondence
This lasted about two years, (from 1772-1774) and it was formed by the colonial assemblies. They were responsible for writing certain issues then giving them out to similar groups. -
Tea Act
It was not meant to raise revenue in the American colonies, and it didn't give new taxes. It was made to raise the East India Company which had 18 million pounds of unsold tea. -
Boston Tea Party
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Boston Tea Party
It was led by Sam Adams with the secret group of Sons of Liberty, and they all dressed up as indians and went to the Boston Harbor. They jumped onto a ship called Dartmouth and dumped all of the tea into the harbor. -
The Quebec Act
Designed to give greater rights to the French inhabitants of Canada. They had come under British rule. The law also included 4 different things. -
First Continental Congress
It was held in Philadelphia's Carpenters Hall, and the idea of this meeting was because of Benjamin Franklin. There were 55 delegates that attended. This was just a congress that was trying to help the people. -
First Continental Congress
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The Coercive or Intolerable Acts
After the French and Indian war and the British government gave more taxes to the colonies. There was a total of five acts. -
The Paul Revere House
Was from 1774 to the spring of 1775. Paul Revere was an express rider to give out news, messages, and copies of resolutions to places far away. He went to Lexington, Massachusetts, to inform John Hancock and Samuel Adams that British troops were going to arrest them. -
Battle of Lexington and Concord
Thomas Gage sent 700 soldiers to destroy guns and ammunition that the colonists had stored in the town of Concord. He also wanted to arrest John Hancock and Sam Adams. The colonists were expecting to fight against the British. -
The second Continental Congress
They made a final effort to stop the fighting with the British. John Dickinson authored the Olive Branch Petition. On July 5, congress agreed on this statement and 48 delegates signed it. When it was sent to London, the king didn't want to get it. On August 23, George III said that efforts should be made to bring back justice. -
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
A book by Thomas Paine that was a best sold book in Europe and the colonies. Because of the book that he wrote, he become famous from it. The book also supported the Declaration of Independence. -
Declaration of Independence
It stated that the 13 American colonies were now idependent states. The Declaration of Independence was meant to give people their natural rights. It is celebrated on July 4, and that is why people call it 4th of July. -
Declaration of Independence
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American and French representatives sign two treaties in Paris: a Treaty of Amity and Commerce and a Treaty of Alliance.
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Simon Bolivar
• Strong central government.
• Political power should be divided among different branches of government.
• Power not divided = too strong.
• No voting until they were educated. -
Ratification of Constitution of the United States of America
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Estates General convened for the first time in 174 years in France
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Storming of the Bastille, prison (and armory) in Paris
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National Constituent Assembly and French Declaration of the Rights of Man
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Beheading of King Louis XVI
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Slave rebellion in Saint Domingue
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U.S. Bill of Rights ratified by states
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French National Assembly gives citizenship to all free people of color in the colony of Saint Domingue.
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France declares war on Austria
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France declares war on Great Britain
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All slaves on Saint Domingue emancipated by the French revolutionary authorities to join the French army and fight against the British
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Toussaint leads troops against the British
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French colonial forces defeated by Toussaint
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Toussaint negotiates peace with the British
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War ends between Great Britain and France
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Constitution for Haiti
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General Leclerc sent by Napoleon to subdue colony and re-institute slavery
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New declaration of war between Great Britain and France
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French withdraw troops; Haitians declare independence
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Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France
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Jean-Jacques Dessalines crowns himself emperor of Haiti
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British end the slave trade
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Declarations of self-government in most Latin American colonies
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French expelled from Spain.
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Napoleon defeated and French empire reduced in Europe to France alone
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French abolish slave trade
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U.S. President Monroe declares doctrine against European interference with the new republics in the Americas, known as the Monroe Doctrine.
