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Period: Nov 15, 1450 to
Scientific Revolution
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Feb 19, 1473
Copernicus Birth
He was born in Torun, Poland. He was the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology, which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe. -
May 15, 1492
Columbus
Columbus discovers the new World as they called it, which is present day North America. His voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. -
Oct 31, 1517
Luther
Luther starts the Protestant Reformation. Strongly disputing the claim that freedom from God's punishment of sin could be purchased with money, he confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. -
Dec 13, 1545
Council of Trent
This is when they agreed to start their reformation. Council fathers met for the first through eighth sessions in Trent (1545–1547), and for the ninth through eleventh sessions in Bologna (1547) during the pontificate of Pope Paul III.[2] Under Pope Julius III, the council met in Trent (1551–1552) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions. -
Gravity
Galileo demonstrates, from the top of the leaning tower of Pisa, that a one- pound weight and a one hundred-pound weight, dropped at the same moment, hit the ground at the same moment, refuting the contention of the Aristotelian system that the rate of fall of an object is dependent upon its weight. -
Kepler
Kepler publishes Astronomia Nova (first and second law). He is best known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers, based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astronomy. These works also provided one of the foundations for Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation. -
Galileo
Galileo discovers the telescope. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy," the "father of modern physics," the "father of science," and "the Father of Modern Science." Stephen Hawking says, "Galileo, perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science." -
Publishing Geometry
In this landmark work, Descartes discusses how motion may be represented as a curve along a graph, defined by its relation to planes of reference. -
Sir Isaac Newton
He was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, and is considered by many scholars and members of the general public to be one of the most influential people in human history. -
Invention of the Air Pump
Van Guerick demonstrates the properties of a vacuum by using his air pump to take the air from within his famous "Magdeberg hemispheres," which, though easily separated in normal conditions, could not be parted by two teams of sixteen horses once he had removed the air.