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Mussolini's Early Years
- Benito Mussolini was a born in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
- In 1902, Mussolini moved to Switzerland and became an active Italian socialist.
- Mussolini returns to Italy, joins the military and serves for 2 years.
- He has his own paper and writes about socialist movements, in 1911, he is arrested due to a false report.
- In 1912, Mussolini is elected to be in an executive socialist party and joins the army once again in 1915.
- Becomes leader of the Italian right-wing
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King Victor Emmanuel III
- King of Italy
- At first, doubted Mussolini's army but they proved to be loyal to the king.
- Emmanuel supported Mussolini's actions
- Failed to show power against Mussolini, therefore, allowed Mussolini to achieve power
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d'Annunzio
- Gabriele d'Annunzio was a popular supporter of the facist who gave ideals and structure to Italian Facism
- Mussolini was influenced by d'Annunzio and learned from him
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Italy's Reaction Paris Peace Conference
- Italy's request of territorial claimes of Fiumes.
- The request of having Germany's military to be governed and punished was accepted.
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Coalition Governtment
- Facists began attacking offices of the Italian Socialist paper.
- Facists began to become increasingly violent towards communists and socialists
- Mussolini did not like the idea of the coalition government
- He sought to rule a nation of complete totalitarianism
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The Facist Party
- Mussolini becomes Prime Minister of Italy as the National Facist Party
- Form of exrtreme right-wing ideology that celebrates the nation or the race
- Individuals within society is insignificant and the nations should be shaped as a whole
- Violent party consisting of groups such as the Blackshirts who were anti-socialists
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Pope Pius XI
- Mussolini seeked out the Pope's agreement to excommunicate Adolf Hitler
- Pope rejected the idea which led Mussolini to follow Hitler's Nazism which the Pope disagreed with
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March On Rome
- Facist marchers led by Benito Mussolini
- Consisted of 60,000 facists marching down to the Facist Congress in Naples and Rome to declare the ruling of Mussolini
- On October 29th 1922, Mussolini offically became the ruler
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The Matteoti Murder
- Following his speech declaring Facist parties commited fraud, he was kidnapped and murdered by the Facist secret police -the Blackshirts
- It is often debated that Mussolini was behind this act, but never truly justified
- This act led to even more violent behaviour from Facist parties
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The Lateran Treaty
- 3 agreements made betweent the Italian Kingdom and the Holy See
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The pacts consisted of three documents:
- A political treaty recognising the full sovereignty of the Holy See in the State of Vatican City, which was thereby established.
- A concordat regulating the position of the Catholic Church and the Catholic religion in the Italian state.
- A financial convention agreed on as a definitive settlement of the claims of the Holy See following the losses of its t
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The Dollfuss Murder
- Chancellor/dictator of Austria
- Assasinated by Nazi agents
- This led to conspiracy of Germany to invade Austria
- Mussolini guraded Austrian borders from Germany
- This assasination led to more deaths
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The Stresa Front Agreement
- Agreement between Pierre Laval of France, Ramsay Macdonald of Britain and Benito Mussolini of Italy
- Agreement to reassure the independence of Austria
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Invasion of Abyssinia
- War between Italt and Ethiopia
- Resulted in the expansion of the Italian Empire which created the colony of Italian East Africa
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North Africa 1942
- Benito Mussolini ordered the Italian military to invade Egypt
- By September, the Italian army moved onto Maktila
- In December, the army retreated due to the involvement of other countries such as Britain and Germany
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Mussolini's Removal From Power
- Mussolini returned to his Catholic faith and withdrew his power
- After resigning, Mussolini was arrested
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September Rescue
- Mussolini dissolved the Facist Party
- Mussolini was rescued by German troops from prison
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Capture and Death of Mussolini
- Mussolini attempts to escape to Germany
- On April 28th 1945, Mussolini, along with his mistress was shot and hanged in public
