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Republican Ascendancy: The Jeffersonian Vision
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Barbary War
Pirates from the Barbary States preyed on ships from the major countries, and America stood up against them, refusing to pay bribes. They attacked lightly, and ended the war with a vicious naval blockade. -
Marbury vs. Madison
William Marbury was a midnight judge who had not received his pay. He appealed to judge Marshall in order to get the money, but Marshall and the SC ruled that the part of the constitution he based his argument on was unconstitutional. This established the definition of Judicial Review. -
Lousiana Purchase
The United States more than doubled their size when they bought Louisiana territory from France for $15 million. What they thought would be a difficult achievement was astonishingly easy when Napoleon lost interest in establishing an empire in America. -
Lewis And Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark set out under orders of Jefferson to explore the land to the west, primarily the newly purchased Louisiana territory. The traveled all the way to the Pacific and back with the help of an indian woman named Sacagawea. -
Louisiana Government Bill
Jefferson passed this bill, which went against his normal principles, to keep the citizens of the ewly purchased territory in line. The majority were French and Spanish, and Jefferson did not want to chance that they would not follow the set legislature. Many other Republican's thought this bill unconstitutional because it imposed taxes on the people against their will. -
Outlaw of Slave Trade
Even though it had help him win his election, Jefferson was not fond of the slave trade. He called to repeal it, but found great opposition from Southerners who had become familiar and comfortable with the enterprise. The bill he passed didn't do much to support or deflate the trade, even though it made the trade illegal, it could not stop all the smugglers. -
Chesapeake Affair
The Leopard, a British ship, demanded that the Chesapeake to allow them to search for deserters. When they refused, the Leopard opened fire. This clearly defied American sovereignty, and many called for revenge. -
Trial Of Aaron Burr
Aaron Burr, the Vice President, was a big troublemaker for the states. He went behind the back of the government and planned for secession, or attack on a Spanish colony. Everyone was told different stories and he covered his tracks well. When brought to court, there was not enough evidence to convict him and he was released. Burr went into exile to avoid the wrath of the public. -
Embargo Act
The Embargo Act was implemented to deprive much needed American trade from Europe. Congress passed the act easily, but it was not favored as much by the citizens. Even though it took trade and funds from other countries, it did the same for them, and affected them more. -
President, James Madison
James Madison became the 4th president of the United States. He won the electoral college, 122 over Charles Pinckney's 47. Even though he hade many handicaps when it came to politics, he was an intellegent individual. -
Non-Intercourse Act
The Non-Intercourse Act was implemented at the same time the Embargo Act was repealed. It resumed trade with all countries but Britain and France, and until those countries respected the United States neutrality. -
Macon's Bill No. 2
Sponsored by Nathaniel Macon, this bill resumed trade with Britain and France. It promised that if one of these countries began to respect their neutral carriers, they would halt trade with the other. -
Battle Of Tippecanoe
Harrison marched an army to Tippecanoe creek, and won the battle, making him a national hero. This actually forced the Indian leader Tecumseh to seek British alliances, which was the first step toward war. -
War Of 1812
The War Hawks pushed President James Madison to declare war against Britain. The major goal was to push the British out of Canada. The anti-British faction wanted to gain the respect of the British, and were tired of humiliation. -
Loss of Michilimackinac
General William Hull surrendered an entire army to the British in the beginning of the War of 1812. This was discouraging to the Americans, who wanted to focus battles toward western forts. -
Battle Of Horseshoe Bend
Creek Indians resisted the Americans expansion, but were crushed by Andrew Jackson. This destroyed the hopes of the Indians for their own renaissance, formulated by Tecumseh. -
Treaty Of Ghent
Ending the War of 1812, this Treaty did nothing much else. Neither side gave up any land, and the Treaty basically just postponed negotiations for terms to a later time. -
Prevost Retreats
Whan Macdonough turned away a British fleet at Plattsburg, General Prevost retreated back into Canada. This discouraged the British, and sped up peace negotiations, though Americans were unaware of this at the time. -
Hartford Convention
At the Hartford Convention, a group of mainly Federalists gathered to discuss the governments ignorance of New Englanders. They thought up a number of implementations, such as basing congressional representation on the number of white males in a state. They also wanted to limit the president to one term, and require a 2/3 majority in Congress before war was declared. They thought these ideas would be popular, but by the time they were proposed, the war had ended. -
Battle Of New Orleans
The Battle of New Orleans happened before wither side knew that peace had been ordered. Pakenham ordered an attack on Andrew Jacksons forces and soon his whole army was destroyed. This raised American pride andturned Jackson into a folk hero.
