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In the early fifth century, the Roman Empire was overrun by Germanic people. The invaders, led by Odoacer, succeeded in defeating Rome on 476 AD. The invaders helped develop knighthood, the feudalism, and the code of chivalry.
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The Crusades were a series of military expeditions by Christian forces to retrieve the Holy Land from the Muslims. These campaigns opened up a new trade route to the East, that allowed for an introduction of new goods that accelerated the development of towns.
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First European printed book, the Gutenberg Bible.
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Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince, where he advised rulers to be cold and calculating.
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Christopher Columbus sailed west in search of the East, but landed in the Americas.
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Vasco da Gama reached India, and created a trade route.
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Series of reformations to the Church due to corruption, started by a German monk, and helped by Martin Luther.
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Wrote a book saying that the Earth did revolve around the Sun. He was called a heretic and forced to recant.
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Charles I was beheaded and started a civil war to change the government.
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In 800, Charlemagne became the first emperor of the new Holy Roman Empire. He was illiterate, but encouraged scholarship, education, and innovation in architecture. He ordered the collection of Greek and Roman manuscripts, helped develop a new system for writing Latin, and invited scholars to open schools.
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