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224
Sassanid Empire
-Tried hard to obliterate Greek culture from there and restore Iranian culture
-Restored by Zoroastrian (became state religion)
-Rome repalced Greece as Iran's enemy
-With time, the empire weakend due to economic, religious, and social problems. -
250
Maya Civilization
-Had the only known fully developed written language in Mesoamerica at this time
-Established in Central America
-Religion centered around the worship of many nature gods -
300
Ghana-> Mali-> Songhai Kingdoms
-Three great West-African empires who were successful even before foreign powers arrived in Africa
-Ghana: Main export was gold
-Mali: Came after the Ghana empire and grew to be larger and more powerful than Ghana had been
-Songhai: Famous for its advances in education and a uniform system in weights and measures. Easy target for invasions because of its riches in gold -
330
Byzantine Empire
-Had the capital Constantinople
-Founded by Constantine I
-Had one of the most powerul economic, cultural, and military forces in Europe
-ERastern side of Rome -
330
Constantinople
-Imperial capital of of the Roman Empire
-Larges, most wealthy city in Europe during most of the Middle Ages
-Was divided into 14 regions, took about six years to build
- Overthrown after many years by the Ottoman Empire -
Period: Apr 8, 600 to Apr 8, 1450
600CE-1450CE
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Apr 8, 610
Foundations of Islam
-Means submission to God
-Founded after the teachings of Muhammad
-Muslims consider Qur'an to be unaltered and the final relevation from God
-Muhhamed created a sense of brotherhood among his followers -
Apr 8, 632
Split between Sunni and Shi'ite
-Both have a similar core, Qur'an sacred to both
-Conflict between two due to political differences
-More Sunni's in the world
-conflicts have been violent -
Apr 11, 661
Umayyad Caliphate
-First Muslim dynasty
-Founded after Muhammad's death
-Ruled an area going from Afghanistan to Porugal and Spain in the west
-Overthrown by the founder of the Abbasid Empire -
Apr 8, 711
Muslim conquer Spain
-Islamic culture left there even after they left
-Muslims ruled over Spain after the fall of the Roman Empire -
Apr 15, 742
Charlemagne
-Known as Greatest Midieveal King
-King of the Franks
-Empreror of Romans
-Wasnt' very educated -
Apr 11, 750
Abbasid Caliphate
-Replaced the Umayyad Caliphates, killed all but one of the Umayyad men
-Built their capital in Baghdad
-Founded by Muhammad's youngest uncle
-Were Sunni Muslim -
Apr 11, 1060
Seljuk Turks
-Were a tribe of Tartars from Central Asia
-Allied with the Caliph of Baghdad
-Conquered large parts of the Byazantine Empire
-Paved the way for the Ottoman Turks -
Apr 15, 1095
Crusades
-Were a series of religious military campains
-Had the gaol of recapturing Jerusalem
-Made up of mostly Roman Catholics, Franks of France, ad Holy Roman Empire -
Apr 11, 1138
Saladin
-Recaptures Jerusalem for the Muslims
-Military leader
-Sunni Muslim
-He became a celebrated example of the principles of chivalry -
Apr 15, 1200
Inca Civilization
-Largest empire in precolumbian America
-Never developed a system of writing
-Developed well-paved roads in Andes -
Apr 11, 1206
Genghis Khan
-Founder of the Mongol Empire
-Gained power by uniting nomadic tribes from Asia
-Began the Mongol invasions which included the deaths of many civilian people
-His invasions gave him a fearsome reputation as he killed a plentiful amount of people -
Apr 11, 1206
Mongol Invasions
-Invaded eastern and central Europe, the Middle East, and Asia
-Invasions resulted in a huge empire that covered much of Asia and Eastern Europe
-Started with the unification of the Mongols and Asian confederations
-Soldiers were required to kil a certain number of people -
Apr 15, 1206
Delhi Sultanate
-A group of Muslim Dynasties tha ruled in India
-Founded after Muhammad of Ghor defeated Prithvi Raj
-The Delhi came to a end when Timur, turksh conquerer, imvaded Sultan -
Apr 15, 1215
Magna Carta
-An English charter that omit certain provisions
-Made John of England give people certain liberties that they didn't have before
-Was the first document forced onto an English King by his subjects -
Apr 11, 1250
Mamluk
-A soldier, former slave
-Powerful military caste in various Muslim societies
-Held political and military power
-Were considered to be "true lords" -
Apr 15, 1300
Aztec Civilization
-Practiced human sacrifice
-Located in Mexico
-Built pyramids and a well-develpoed calendar
-Conquered by the Spanish -
Apr 15, 1300
Renaissance
-Cultural movement beginning in Florence and spreading all through Europe
-Developed many classical ssources, paintings
-Brought wealth to Italy
-Time where art and money went hand in hand -
Apr 8, 1312
Mansa Musa
-Remembered for his extravagant hajj (pilgramage)
-Strengthened Islam
-Promoted education, trade, and commerce in Mali
-Brought stability and a good government to Mali -
Apr 11, 1336
Timur
-Member of the Barlas tribe
-Conquered parts of west, south, and central asia -His self-procalaimed religion was Muslim altough people consided hime the enemy of Islam (attacked Sunni and Shi'ite grounds) -
Apr 15, 1337
Hundred Years War
-Battle to get the French throne, between two families
-Engklish king began by ruling a part of France, to not ruling hardly any at all
-french family won, blood was important -
Apr 8, 1368
Ming Empire
-Overthrew Mongol rulers
-Largest economy in this world during thi stime period
-Considered one of China's three golden ages
-Rise of the merchants -
Apr 8, 1371
Zheng He
-Was a chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet of admiral
-Discovered a route to India from China
-Helped Zhu Yuanzhang defeat the Yuan Dynasty
-Sailed all the way to Africa -
Apr 15, 1439
Gutenberg Press
-Invented by Johannes Gutenberg
-First type of printing press in Europe
-Lead to explosive printing buisness -
Apr 15, 1462
Ivan the third
-Known as Ivan the Great, Duke of Moscow
-Trippled the territory of Russia
-Impressive building program took place under Ivan
-Secede by his son after his death -
Sui Empire
-United China; ended four centuries of division between rival regimes
-Founded by Emperor Wen of Sui
-Built Grand Canal (monumental engineering feat)
-Undertook Equal-field system, meant to reduce the rich-poor gap -
Tang Empire
-Founded by Li family, seizeed power during the fall of the Sui Empire
-Raised proffesional armies consisting of hundreds of thousands of troops due to their large population
-Controled large amount of land
-Many poets arose during this time -
Song Empire
-First government in the qworld to issue paper money
-First Chinese government to establish a permanent navy
-Developed new military technology, gunpowder
-Divided into two time periods, Northern and Southern Song -
Kievan Russia
-Had a monarchy
-Overthrown by Mongo Empire
-Founded by East Slavic tribes -
Charlemagne
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Establishment of Holy Roman Empire
-Ruled first by Otto I
-Otto used church to help him gain power
-His father had been a lord so he helped him as well
-Put his brother and son in positions of power so they could help support him