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Benito Mussolini
Facism Extreme Nationalism
Militaristic ecpansionism
Lead by dictator
Anti-communism
Strong Central Government -
Period: to
World War Two Timeline
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Joseph Stalin
Soviet Union
Totalitarian/Communism
State ownership of property
Revolution of workers
Took over agriculture and industry
People revolted (13 million killed and sent to Siberia) -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
The U.S. urged 64 nations to sign the pact which renounced war as an instrument if national policy, However there was no way to enforce the pact -
Franklin Roosevelt
FDR was elected President in 1932 -
Adolf Hitler
Germany
Nazism/Nationalism:
Nazi party
Extreme Nationalism/racism
Miliaristic expansionism
Private Property
Strong government controls
Lebenstaum-living space
"My Struggle" by Hitler -
Concentration Camps (genocide)
Concentrations CampsThe deliberate and systematic killing of an entire people. The camps were a cycle of hunger, humiliation and work that eventually ended in death. -
Holocaust
The systematic murder of 11 million people across Europe, more then half of whom were Jews. -
Neutrality Acts
Congress passed a series of these acts to keep America out of future wars. It banned arms sales and loans to nations undergoing civil wars -
Troop Build Up in Ethiopia
Fall of 1935, tens of thousands of Italian Soldiers stood ready to advance on Ethiopia -
Troop Build Up in the Rhineland
Hitler sent troops to Rhineland, which had been demilitarized in result of the Versailles Treaty -
Francisco Franco
Head of State in Spain
Leader during the Spanish Civil War
Hitler and Mussolini helped aid Franco
U.S. created the Abraham Lincoln Brigade to fight Franco -
Quarantine Speech
Given by FDR
Basically states that the majority of the world must fight for their right for fair living and laws from the power hungry minority that wanted the threaten to break the international law and order -
German Troops March into Austria
Austria FlagSchuschnigg had second thoughts about the agreement to bring Austrian Nazis into his governent, so Hitler sent troops to Austria to force Schuschnigg to resign. Two days later, Germany announced its "union" with Austria -
Neville Chamberlain
"My friends.....there has come back from Germany with peace and honor. I believe it is peace in our time." -
Munich Pact
Neville Chamberlin (Brithish Prime Minister) and Edauard Daladier (French Premeir) signed the Munich Pact which turned Sudetenland over to Germany without any violence -
Winston Churchill -"Appeasement"
Appeasement-"Giving up principles to pacify an aggressor." Churchill said that Britian and France chose dishonor over war. -
Kristallnact
Kristallnact-"crystal night" the night of broken glass
Nazis attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues throughout Germany. The Nazi's blamed the Jews for the destruction arresting 20,000 Jews and sending them to concentration camps -
Nonaggression Pact
Hitler (Germany) and Stalin (Soviet Union) agreed not to fight eachother and to split Poland between the two countries -
Blitzkrieg
"Lightning war." Take enemy by surprise and quickly crush all opposition with overwhelming force. By the end, Britian and France had declared war on Germany and Poland ceased to exist. World War Two began -
Soviets Invade Finland
Invasion of FinlandStalin sent the Soviets into Finland and after three months of fighting, the Finns surrendered. -
The election of 1940
FDR ran for president a third time breaking the tradition of only running two terms by George Washington. FDR won by 55% of the votes cast -
Germans invade Denmark and Norway
Germans launched a surprise invasion on Denmark and Norway in order to protect those countries' freefom and independence -
Germans Invade Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
Germans blizkriegs on Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg which were overrun by the end of May -
Battle of Britian
Germany began bomb runs over Britianin the summer of 1940. Every night for two months bombs fell on London. The RAF (Britian's Royal Air Force) fought back. On September 15th the RAF shot down 56 German planes. Two days later, Hitler called off the invasion of Britian -
Germany and Italy invade France
When French and British troops were sent north the Belgium, Hitler's generals sent their tanks through the Andennes in northeast France. A few days later Italy endered France from the south as the Germans closed on France in the north -
Axis Powers
Included Japan, Germany, and Italy who all signed a mutual defense treaty the Tripartite Pact. The aim was to keep America out of the war -
Lend-Lease
An act that would allow the president to lend arms th "any country whose defense was vital to the United States." It was first used to aid Britain, but was later used to help the Soviet Union when Hilter invaded on June 22, 1941. -
Leader of Japan-Hideki Tojo
Described as "smart, hardboiled,resourceful, and conteptuous of theories, sentiments, and negotiations" by the American people, but was seen as a strong and confident leader who was there to help Japan "rise and administer a great shock to the anti-Axis powers." -
The Phillppines
General Douglas MacArthur led 80,000 troops to hold out against 200,000 invading japanese troops on the Bataan Peninsula and Corregidor. 14,000 of our fighters were killed and 48,000 were wounded before he was told to abandon the Philippines. -
A. Phillip Randolph
President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Nation's leading African-American labor leader
Organized march July 1, 1941 to demand the right to work and fight for the U.S. for colored people -
Atlantic Charter
A document by Roosevelt and Churchill which stated that the U.S. and Britian didn't want to expand their territory, not to change any terriory without consulting the people living there, respect the rights of people to choose their own government, encourage international cooperation, secure peace based freedom, work for disarmament of aggressors, and establish a "permanent system of general security." -
Pearl Harbor
180 Japanese war planes dropped bombs on Pearl Harbor. The attack crippled the entire U.S. Pacific Fleet in one blow. FDR declared war against Japan the next day and three days later Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. -
War Plans with Churchill and FDR
FDR consider Hitler number 1 enemy of the U.S.
Stalin (now an allie) wanted help against invading Germans
The U.S. couldn't ask for help against Japan from Britian and the Soviet Union untill Germany was defeated -
The Battle of Stalingrad
By the end of September, about 9 monthes after Germans invaded Moscow, the Germans controlled nine-tenths of Stalingrad. In November the Soviets launched a counter attack and on Feb. 2, 1943 91,000 left of the origional 330,000 German troops surrendered. The Soviets lost 1,250,000 soldiers and civilians. -
Internment of Japanese Americans
Called for a mass evacuation of all Japanese Americans from Hawaii. 1,444 Japanese Americans were help in confinement for fear that they were loyal to Japan and would attack for America. In California, Washington, Arizona, and Oregon 110,000 Japanese Americans were sent to camps. -
Selective Service & the G.I.
The Selective Service System expanded the draft and eventually provided another 10 million soldiers to meet the armed forces needs. Sergents tried to turn new recruits into diciplined battle ready G.I's (Government Issue) soldiers. -
The Battle of the Atlantic
Germans sank 87 American ships in the first four months of 1942. Germans destroyed a total of 681 Allied ships in the Atlantic after 7 months. Allies responded by organizing cargo ships into convoys like in the First World War. By May of 1943, the German U-boat commander reported that his losses had reached an unbearable height. Also in 1943 140 Liberty ships alone were being made every month and cargo ships began to outnumber sinkings -
Industrial Response
Automobile production came to a hault and instead started making plains, tanks, boats and command cars. A mechanical pencil factory started making bomb parts, a breadspread factory started making mosquito nets, soft drink companies changed to filling shells with explosives. Ship yards and defense plants expanded and jobs were performed at record speed. -
Battle of the Coral Sea
The Battle of the Coral Sea took place with a new type of naval warfare. All the fighting took place in the air with the carrier-based airplanes. The opposing ships never got the chance to see of shot one another. The Allies were able to stop Japan from contiuing on to Australia. -
Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)
When the WAAC was formed and the bill was entablished 13,000 women applied on the first day applications were available. 250,000 women served in this branch during the war. George Marshall was the man that pushed for the formation of the Corps. -
The Battle of Midway
American naval force commander, Chester Nimitz learned through intercepted messages that Japan's invasion force of more than 110 ships was headed Midway then over to finish things at Hawaii. Even though the Japanese out numbered American forces 4 to 1, we still won the Battle of Midway. -
Guadalcanal
GuadalcanalGuadalcanal is the mark of Japan's first on land victory even though they were the first to abandone the island. They defeated 19,000 American marines. -
The North African Front
107,000 Allied troops (mostly colored) landed in North Africa, chasing the Africa Korps eastward and after months of heavy fighting Africa surrendered in May 1943. -
The Italian Campaign
Mussolini was stripped of his power and was arrested and the Italians began celebrating the end of the war. Hitler seized control of Italy and reinstated Mussolini and it took over 18 months for the Allied to get Germans off Italian soil. In the battle "the Bloody Anzio" 25,000 Allies and 30,000 Axis soldiers died. The Allies were aided by 50,000 Italian partisans -
D-Day
D-DayThe largest land-sea-air operation in history where the Allies send 156,000 troops, 4,000 boats, 600 warships, and 11,000 plains into German lines. By September 1944, the Allied had freed France, Belgium, Luxembourg and most of the Netherlands. FDR got re-elected again in the middle of the war. -
The Battle of Leyte Gulf
The Japanese threw the entire fleet into the Battle for Leyte Gulf. They tried the new tactic of suicide planes, were pilots crashed their bomb-laden planes into the opposing sides ships. This type of attack is known as Kamikaze. -
Battle of Iwo Jima
Iwo Jima was critical to America as a baase in which heavily loaded bombers could reach Japan, but it was also one of the most defended by Japan. However, after the battle only 200 Japanese survuved from the original 20,700 Japanese troops. -
The Battle of Bulge
Americans captured first German town-Aachen. Germany fought back and after a month of fighting Germany was pushed back and little was changed. Germany lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks, and 1,600 planes, Afterwards the Nazi's could do little but retreat. -
Yalta
Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met at the Soviet city of Yalta to make important decisions about the future. They agreed to move ahead with the United Nations, and in exchange for two Japanese islands, Stalin promised to fight against the Japanese once Germany surrendered. -
Harry Truman
On this day Harry Truman took office as President Roosevelt had a stroke and died while posing for a picture in Warm Springs, Georgia. "The body in the casket was not only our leader but the bodies of all the man and women who had given their lives to freedom. They must not and will not have died in vain." -
Unconditional Surrender
Soviets invaded Berlin. Hitler prepared for the end and on April 29th he married Eva Braun. He blamed the Jews for starting the war and his generals for losing it. He shot himself the next day and his wife swollowed poison. Victory in Europe was officail on May 8th, 1945 -
The Battle of Okinawa
Okinawa was Japan's last defensive outpost and the oppostition faced by the Allies was even fiercer than that they faced on Iwo Jima. The fighting there ended on June 22, 1945 with an American victory. -
The Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Projected started in 1942 but it wasn't until one month after Truman took office he recieved this message "Within four months we shall in all probability have completed the most terribleweapon ever known in human history, one bomb of which could destroy a whole city." -
Potsdam
A city in Germany in which an agreement was made to divide the country of Germany and the city of Berlin into four regions. Each region was under the power of either the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Unoin. -
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Hiroshima was the dumping ground for one of the two automic bombs in existence. After 43 seconds of being dropped, the important military center for Japan ceased to exist. two days later half of Nagasaki was leveled by the second bomb. -
Nuremberg War Trials
An international tribunal representing 23 nations that tried many Nazi war criminals. The trial was held in Numerberg, Germany and 22 Nazi leaders were tried first in the trials. 12 were sentenced to death and most of the rest were were sent to prison. In later trails almost 200 more Nazis were convicted of war crimes.
