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Transition to the republic
king alfonso XIII, after the dead of general primo de rivera, tried to restore normal constitutional order, but the monarchy was no longer an option in that difficult times -
The pact of San Sebastian
Agreeement to overthrow the monarchy by the republicans and the socialists. A republican regime was created.
First plan consisted in a military uprising and failed. -
Period: to
Reformist Biennium
Manuel Azaña was named president of the republic, he introduced some reforms:
-The Statute of autonomy in Cataluña was passed
-The army was subordinated to the civil government
-The jesuits were expelled
-An agrarian reform for relieving the suffering of landless labourers. -
Municipal elections
Elections were choosen by the king constitutional government. everybody loooked at them as a referendum on the monarchy. King Alfonso XIII leavges the country despite the results. -
Proclamation of the republic
the initial revolutionary comitee formed in the pact of san sebastian bhecomes the Provisional government. This day is when the republic flag was made, it was made in vigo. -
The constitution of 1931
The drafters of the constituion were the PSOE and the PRR.
characyeristics of the left wing constitution:
-popular sovereignty
-Division of powers
-Declaration of civil rights
-Declaration of collective rights
-There was no longer an official state religion, and Catholic orders were forbidden to teach.
-The regions could stablish statutes of autonomy
-Workers' rights were recognised
-The state was allowed to take owners property -
Period: to
the black biennium
After a revolt in Cádiz that finished the reformist biennium, another elections were held in november 1933.
The CEDA (right wing catholic parties) and the PRR won.
PSOE leaders frightened CEDA will reinstitute fascism and did a revolution. -
The revolution of october 1934
was done by communists, anarchists and nationalist organisations and there were two main focus. Cataluña, wich declared independent and its Generalitat was dissolved and Asturias, where the miners staged an armed revolt. -
The popular front
New elections in 1936. The left-wing parties formed the popular front, wich defended the right to amnesty and pushed the sociual reforms of 1931. The opposite side, the right-wings, formed the Bloque Nacional. The popular front won the elctions.
After, the army officers began plotting to overthrow the government . -
The start of the civil war
The street violence betweeen groups was increasing, involving assassinations and church arson. In july Lieutenant castillo who was a social sympathiser ws murdered by some right-wing men. The response of his colleages kidnapped and killed José calvo sotelo.
A military coup was done under General Emilio Mora
In the 17 of july rebel soldiers seized control of their garrisons (place destinated to an army to protect it).
The civil war started in a few days
