-
magic lantern
magic lantern was invented by Christiaan Huygens in 1640. -
thaumatrope
thaumatrope was invented in 1826 by a man called Dr. John Ayrton Paris. It was made from a simple disc with drawing on the back and front and with two pieces of string attached to it. When the disc was spun between the strings, the images on the back and front blended together to form a single picture. Popular images included birds in cages, circus performers and the encounters between dogs and cats. -
phenakitstoscope
the phenakitstoscope was invented in 1830 by Joseph Plateau. phenakitstoscope was a disc carrying a series of images set in a ring around a a person looking through the slits from the back of the disc would see a moving image reflected in the mirror. circumference, with small slits between the images. When a rod was placed through the Centre of the disc, and it was spun in front of a mirror. -
zoetrope
The zoetrope was invented by William Horner in 1834, it was called a Daedalum (wheel of the Devil). It was based on Plateau's phenakistoscope, but was more convenient since it did not require a viewing mirror and allowed more than one person to use it at the same time. Horner's invention strangely became forgotten for nearly thirty years until 1867, when it became patented in England by M. Bradley, and in America by William F. Lincoln. Then it was renamed by lincoln from Daedalum to zoetrope. -
flip book
A flip book was invented in 1868 and it is a series of pictures that vary gradually from one page to the next, so that when the pages are turned rapidly, the pictures appear to animate by simulating motion or some other change. -
Praxinoscope
a praxinoscope was invented in 1877 by Emile Reynaud in Paris france. phenakistiscope provided the break in the images by the black space between adjacent slits in the disc or drum. -
Zoopraxiscope
Zoopraxiscope was invented in 1879 by Eadweard Muybridge. This device was an early way of displaying motion pictures, it projected images from rotating glass discs in rapid succession. The images were originally painted on the glass but from 1892 they were improved by using outline drawings printed onto the discs photographically. -
phenakistoscope
a phenakistoscoope is made of two discs mounted on a shaft, the disc has slits around the edge the are disc has a sequence of drawings. align the drawings with the slits, look through the spening and as the discs revolve we have the illusion of motion. -
Fantasmagorie
Fantasmagorie is an 1908 French animated film by Émile Cohl. The film largely consists of a stick figure moving about and encountering all manner of morphing objects, such as a wine bottle that transforms into a flower.It was made up of 700 drawings, each of which was double-exposed (animated "on twos"), leading to a running time of almost two minutes. -
Cel Animation
cel animation was invented in 1915 by Winsor McCay. the scene was drawn in parts, on a thin, transparent celluloid acetate or "cel". For example, the background would be drawn on the first layer, then the body of a character would be drawn on the next layer, then the head on the next layer and the expresion on the next layer. This made it easy to change an expression without having to redraw everything. -
Rotoscoping
Rotoscoping is an animation technique in which animators trace over footage, frame by frame, for use in live-action and animated films. Rotosocoping was invented by Max Fleischer, who used it in his series Out of the Inkwell starting around 1915s. -
storyboard animation
storyboard bord animation was invented during early 1930s by Walt Disney studio. Storyboards are graphic organizers in the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence. -
adobe flash
adobe flash is an American multinational computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. The company has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more-recent foray towards rich Internet application software development.
