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Dorthea Dix
Departing a 24-year career as a school teacher, Dorothea Dix began her second career at the age of 39 when she embarked on a career as a nurse. She fought in court against the fact that mentally ill people were kept in the same place as prisioners and won.In 1843, she asked the Massachusetts legislature for reforms to end the inhumane conditions of the mentally ill. In 1845, Dix wrote Remarks on Prisons and Prison Discipline in the United States. This work discussed the reforms she wanted. -
Mary Ann Bickerdyke
She was a great woman she was wellknown during the civil war. She setup Army hospitals. She helped prevent illness for the soliders. She was named matron of the military hospital. She remained a army nurse after the war long after she was needed. -
Linda Richards
The first professionally trained American nurse, Linda Richards is credited with establishing nurse training programs in various parts of the United States and in Japan. She created the way to keep individual medical records for patients. In 1874 she was named superintendent of the Boston training nurses school. In 1878 she created a school in Boston City Hospital. Richards retired in 1911 and wrote her autobiography, Reminiscences of Linda Richards. -
Clara Barton
She is known as the founder of the Red Cross in 1881, but she did invalid nursing to an ill brother for 2 years. For 3 years she followed army operations throughout the Virginia theater and in the Charleston, S.C., area. The work she did in Fredericksburg, Va., hospitals, caring for the casualties from the Battle of the Wilderness, and nursing work at Bermuda Hundred attracted national notice. -
Isabel Hampton Robb
She was one of the founders of the modern American nursing Theory. She was a nurse in Rome and then returned to Chicago. She helped to put in place the system of grading for nursing students to show that they qualified for their jobs. In 1889 she was appointed head of the new Johns Hopkins School of Nursing. -
Lavinia Dock
She chose to train as a nurse at New York City's Bellevue Hospital (1884–6), and after serving as a visiting nurse among the poor, she put together the first, and long most important, manual of drugs for nurses, Materia Medica for Nurses (1890). She wanted to improve the health care of the poor and the education of nurses through her lecturing. She was a contributing editor to the American Journal of Nursing. -
Mary Eliza Mahoney
She was the first African- American Nurse in the United State of America. She worked as a private duty nurse for about 30 years. In 1896, Mahoney became one of the original members of a predominately white Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada ( ANA). In 1908 she cofounded the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN). -
Mary Adelaide Nutting
She was a head nurse in the hospital for two years and then assistant superintendent of nurses for a year. In 1894 she became superintendent of nurses and principal of the school. She helped found the American Journal of Nursing in 1900. The next year she established a six-month preparation course in hygiene, elementary practical nursing, anatomy, physiology, and materia medica for entering students to prepare them for ward work. She began a professional nursing library at Johns Hopkin. -
Lillian Wald
As a social worker, nurse, public health advocate, and settlement leader, Lillian D. Wald spent most of her life to helping others. She started the Visiting Nurse Service in 1893. She worked for womens rights and the welfare of children. TheChildren’s Bureau was established in 1912, it was a federal organization to help children. -
Margaret Sanger
In 1913 she began publishing a monthly newspaper, the Woman Rebel, in which she passionately urged family limitation and first used the term "birth control." After six issues, she was arrested and charged with distributing "obscene" literature through the mails.This time she was arrested under state law. She spent a month in prison, as did her sister. Leaving prison in 1917, she spent time lecturing about birth control. In 1940 the birth control movement was thriving. -
Annie Goodrich
She was trained at the New York Hospital School of nursing from 1890-1892. In 1918- 1919Goodrich established the United States Student Nurse Reserve, many know it as the Army School of Nursing. In 1923, she became 1st Dean of the new Yale University School of Nursing begun with money from Rockefeller Foundation. In 1935, now Dean Emerita, she spent a year helping the now University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing serving as Special Lecturer on Nursing Education. -
Mary Breckinridge
She was a nurse who began Fronteir Nursing Service in the Appalacian Mountain. In 1918 she traveled to the bad parts of WashingtonDC, to nurse those fallen ill in the influenza epidemic. In the summer of 1923 she had a public health survey in the Appalachian Mountains of Kentucky. The Kentucky Committee for Mothers and Babies, which in 1928 changed its name to the Frontier Nursing Service, established itself that summer in the town of Hyden in 1925. -
Ida V. Moffett
She is the reason we have the whole Baptist Health System. "Mrs. Moffett", , was an iconic symbol of nursing care and leadership for Baptist Health System for more than 70 years. She was the head of Baptist hospitals from 1941 until 1970. She continued nursing well into her 80s. The nuring School at Sanford University is named in memory of her. -
Hildegard Peplau
She developed the nurse to client relationship. The nurse listens to his or her client and makes sure she has everything correct about what is going on with the patient. She created six nursing roles: Stranger role,Resource role,Teaching role, counseling role, Surrogate role, Active leadership. -
Dorthea Orem
She was a nursing theorist and founder of the Orem model of nursing, or Self Care Deficit Nursing Theory. The theory states that nurses have to supply care when the patients cannot provide care to themselves. She first published her theory in 1959 in "Guides for developing Cirricula for the Education of Practical Nurses". -
Martha Rogers
She was became a public health nurse in Hartford, CT, advancing from staff nurse to acting Director of Education. After this she established and eventually became the Executive Director of the first Visiting Nurse Service in Phoenix, AZ.Rogers was appointed Head of the Division of Nursing at New York University in 1954. In about 1963 Martha edited a journal called Nursing Science. It was during that time that Rogers was beginning to formulate ideas about the publication of her third book. -
Virginia Henderson
She was a nurse, researcher, theorist, and author. She came up with the definition of nursing. The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge" [1]. -
Madeleine Leininger
She was a pioneer nurse anthropologist. She has written or edited 27 books and founded the Journal of Transcultural Nursing to support the research of the Transcultural Nursing Society, and began in 1974. -
Lillian Holland Harvey
Dr. Lillian Harvey was Dean of the Tuskegee (Institute) University School of Nursing for thirty years. Under her leadership their nursing school was the first to offer a bachelor of science degree in the state of Alabama. In 1992, the Tuskegee University Board of Trustees approved the recommendation of the president to rename the Nurses Home in honor of her. The Home is now named "Lillian Holland Harvey Hall." -
Jean Watson
She is founder of the original Center for Human Caring in Colorado and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing. She was the 1993 recipient of the National League for Nursing Martha E. Rogers Award, “it recognizes a nurse scholar who has made significant contributions to nursing knowledge that advances the science of caring in nursing and health sciences”.
