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T, Newcomen’s steam engine
In 1712, after ten years of conducting experiments with steam pumps, English inventor Thomas Newcomen created his first steam engine. -
John kay’s flying shuttle
In 1733, he received a patent for his most revolutionary device: a "wheeled shuttle" for the hand loom. It greatly accelerated weaving, by allowing the shuttle carrying the weft to be passed through the warp threads faster and over a greater width of cloth. -
James Watt’s steam engine
By isolating the condensation process from the cylinder, he minimized heat loss and maximized power output. He also introduced the double-acting engine, which allowed for power to be generated in both the upward and downward strokes of the piston. -
James Hargreaves spinning jenny
The spinning jenny was a machine used for spinning wool or cotton. The spinning jenny helped to usher in the Industrial Revolution in the textile industry. -
Richard Arkwright’s water mill
Water frame developed by Richard Arkwright in 1775. Installed in water powered factories, the machine could spin large quantities of cotton yarn. -
Samuel Cromopton’s spinning mule
The spinning mule was invented by Samuel Crompton in 1779, a period of rapid invention and technological advancement, especially in mechanised spinning and textile production. -
Edmund Cartwright’s power loom
was a mechanized device designed to automate the weaving process. Successful power loom operations played a significant role in transforming the textile industry by reducing dependence on human labor and revolutionizing the way fabrics were produced. -
Stephenson’s “PUFFING DEVIL”
George Stephenson pioneered rail transport with his invention of the modern steam locomotive and developed the first public inter-city railway line in the world during the 19th century. -
R. Fulton's steamboat
Fulton unveiled the first successful steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807; the Clermont was a flat-bottomed steamship with a rectangular stern, whose steam engine powered two paddle wheels. River travel was tedious for a time before the Clermont. -
Luddites opposed machines in textile ind
The original Luddites were British weavers and textile workers who objected to the increased use of mechanized looms and knitting frames. -
First plastics
In 1856, the first patent was granted to Alexander Parkes for his material called parkesine, the first man-made plastic. -
Transcontinental railroad
The transcontinental railroad was a train route across the United States that was finished in 1869. The route connected the east and west regions of the U.S. by rail for the first time. The transcontinental railroad began construction after the Pacific Railway Act was signed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862. -
Unification of germany
The first unification of Germany occurred in 1871 after Prussia's victory in the Franco-Prussian War. In this unification, most of the German-speaking states of Europe united under the crown of Prussia to form the German Empire. -
Edison’s light bulb
By January 1879, at his laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey, Edison had built his first high resistance, incandescent electric light. -
I Boer War
The First Boer War, was fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 between the United Kingdom and Boers of the Transvaal. The war resulted in a Boer victory and eventual independence of the South African Republic. -
Berlin conference
Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 Meeting at which the major European powers negotiated and formalized claims to territory in Africa; also called the Berlin West Africa Conference. -
The first skyscraper in Chicago
In architectural history, one structure stands as the leader of a new era—the Home Insurance Building. Completed in 1885 on LaSalle Street between Adams and Monroe, it holds the distinction of being among the world's first skyscrapers. -
Beginning of colonization of Belgian Congo
Keen on establishing Belgium as an imperial power, he led the first European efforts to develop the Congo River basin, making possible the formation in 1885 of the Congo Free State, annexed in 1908 as the Belgian Congo and now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. -
First moving picture
The earliest surviving film, known today as the Roundhay Garden Scene (1888), was captured by Louis Le Prince and briefly depicted members of his family in motion. -
Wilhelm II crowned Kaisen of Germany
Was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 300-year rule of Prussia. -
Invention of the radio
Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi became known across the world as the most successful inventor in applying radio waves to human communication in the 1890s. -
Fashoda affair
was the climax of imperialist territorial disputes between Britain and France in East Africa, occurring between 10 July to 3 November 1898. A French expedition to Fashoda on the White Nile sought to gain control of the Upper Nile river basin and thereby exclude Britain from Sudan. The French party and a British-Egyptian force met on friendly terms. -
Boxer rebellion
Was an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, known as the "Boxers" in English due to many of its members having practised Chinese martial arts, which at the time were referred to as "Chinese boxing". It was defeated by the Eight-Nation Alliance of foreign powers. -
II Boer war
Was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics over the Empire's influence in Southern Africa. -
Wright brothers
The Wright brothers' invention of the airplane, starting with the 1903 Wright Flyer, truly changed the world. -
Annexation of Congo Free State
In 1908, international pressure forced the king to turn the Congo Free State over to the country of Belgium. The newly named “Belgian Congo” remained a colony until the Democratic Republic of Congo gained its independence in 1960. -
Henry Ford’s T’model
The Model T was introduced to the world in 1908. Henry Ford wanted the Model T to be affordable, simple to operate, and durable. -
Crisis of agadir
Was a brief crisis sparked by the deployment of a substantial force of French troops in the interior of Morocco in July 1911 and the deployment of the German gunboat SMS Panther to Agadir, a Moroccan Atlantic port. Germany did not object to France's expansion but demanded “territorial compensation” for itself. Berlin threatened warfare, sent a gunboat, and stirred up German nationalists. -
I Balkan war
The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League against the Ottoman Empire. The Balkan states' combined armies overcame the initially numerically inferior and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies, achieving rapid success. -
II Balkan War
Was a conflict that broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece. Serbian and Greek armies repulsed the Bulgarian offensive and counterattacked, entering Bulgaria. With Bulgaria also having previously engaged in territorial disputes with Romania and the bulk of Bulgarian forces engaged in the south, the prospect of an easy victory incited Romanian intervention against Bulgaria. -
Beginning of WW1
At the dawn of the 20th century, few anticipated a global war, but what came to be known as the Great War began on June 28, 1914, with the assassinations of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, while they were visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia, a country recently annexed into the Austrian Empire. -
Beginning of WW1
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, beginning World War I.