-
Transatlantic Slave Trade
Thousands of Africans were transported to the Americas as slaves as a result of the Atlantic Slave Trade. Slavery-born racism developed and ultimately led to historically significant movements like the Civil Rights Movement. African monarchs and traders exchanged their subjects for firearms and other European wares. The scope of the slave trade was not fully understood by many Europeans, but those who did petition Great Britain to put an end to it. -
The Enclosure Movement
The open-field method was used by European communities to allocate land among farmers before the Agricultural Revolution. Farmers found it challenging to efficiently plant and harvest crops due to the partition of land. The Enclosure Movement was subsequently put into effect. Based on private landowners, this initiative confined land in sizable, rectangular fields. This benefited the nobles and damaged minor landowners. -
The War of Spanish Succession
Following the death of the childless King Charles II, rival claims to the Spanish crown sparked The War of Spanish Succession. Growing rivalries with France were caused by Philip V's accession to the Spanish throne. Philip V is the grandson of King Louis XIV of France. Peace of Utrecht causes: Spain lost a lot of territory as a result of this treaty, and France granted Great Britain land from its possessions in the Americas. The big powers of subsequent times were hinted at by this land trade. -
The Great Northern War
Known as the Northern War, it began in 1700 when the armies of Denmark, Saxony, and Russia invaded various regions of Sweden's realm. The conflict lasted for twenty-one years. In this battle, the Tsardom of Russia-led alliance successfully challenged the Swedish Empire's hegemony in Europe. With Sweden's defeat in the war's last year, 1721, Russia emerged as both a new major player in European affairs and the region's dominant power in the Baltic. -
Charles Townshend Invents Crop Rotation
In 1730, Townshend gave up on politics to pioneer innovative farming on his property. Townshend used clover and turnips as two of the crops and came up with the concept of rotating crops every four years. Crop rotation and the enclosure movement greatly enhanced farming. These developments boosted the amount and quality of the harvest by increasing productivity and removing the need to butcher cattle before the winter months because they could now eat on clover. -
Illegitimacy Explosion
Because there were more foundling shelters in the early eighteenth century, people thought they could leave their unwanted infants behind. Many people were persuaded by this notion that they may engage in sexual activity prior to marriage, which increased the number of unplanned pregnancies. The ability for an individual to select their own mate instead of having their parents make that decision for them had another impact. Illegitimate births and unsupervised partnerships resulted from this. -
Seven Years' War
The period of the Seven Years' War was 1756–1763. This conflict was a component of a longer, longer-lasting conflict between France and England. Their conflict was resolved by Great Britain's victory in the Seven Years War. The conflict came to a conclusion with the Treaty of Paris (1763), which awarded Great Britain all of France's remaining lands in North America. This was due to the significant developments that contributed to Great Britain's rise to prominence in trade and shipping. -
Industrial Revolution
Before the invention of factories, and machinery, manufacturing was a time-consuming, human process that produced low production and expensive prices. Larger, faster manufacturing was made possible by inventions like the cotton gin, steam engine, flying shuttle, and spinning jenny. The textile sector was the first to profit from these developments, but they spread to all sectors of the economy and society, helping to raise household incomes, improve living standards, and spur population growth. -
Wealth of Nations
Smith maintained that business should be exempt from governmental regulation. We referred to this as economic liberalism. Smith believed that the individual's pursuit of self-interest will help the rich and the poor by acting as an "invisible hand". All of Europe was impacted by the Wealth of Nations. But contrary to popular belief, Adam Smith was not a brutal capitalist. He cheered the impoverished people's pay boost. -
The end of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which was among the biggest and most powerful countries in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, would completely disappear in the eighteenth. An economy supported by serfs, decades of ceaseless warfare, and a political structure equal in name but dominated by Poles in practice all contributed to internal strife and the state's decline. While Western Europe prospered in the New World, the Commonwealth turned into a Russian puppet state.