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Fugitive Slave Act
The United States of America declares the fugitive slave act making many Black slaves escape to Canada via the Under Ground Railroad -
Free Trade Agreement
In 1854, the British and the United States signed a free trade treaty called the Reciprocity Treaty. This treaty allowed free trade between countries without the need for taxes of agricultural products between the US and British North America. -
Grand Trunk Railway Complete
The day the GTR was complete -
Fraser Canyon War
The Fraser Canyon War was a conflict between the Nlaka'pamux people and the miners in the newly declared Colony of British Columbia when the miners polluted their fishing water. -
Chinese Immigrants to Build a Railway
Chinese Immigrants begin to come to Canada to help build a railway by the Fraser Canyon -
Fraser River Gold Rush
Many miners came up to the Fraser River because of the sightings of gold in the area -
Smallpox Epidemic
Starting in March 1862, multiple cases of smallpox were reported in Fort Victoria, on Vancouver Island. -
Charlottetown Conference
One of the many big conferences that led to Confederation in 1867 -
British North America Act
This act united 3 British colonies in North America: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Canada -
Confederation
Canadian Confederation was an event where British colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were united into one Dominion of Canada -
Red River Resistance
Louis Riel took Fort Garry in the Red River Colony to block the transfer of the Northwest from HBC to Canada. -
Treaty of Washington
The Treaty of Washington granted Americans fishing rights in Canadian waters. -
Treaty 1
Treaty 1 was signed between the Crown and the Ojibwa and Swampy Cree Nations. The treaty included the provisions in exchange for First Nations hunting grounds. -
Treaty 2
Signed between Canada and the Anishinaabe of southern Manitoba. The Anishinabe agreed to “cede, release, surrender and yield up to Her Majesty the Queen, and Her successors forever” a large tract of very valuable land to the west and north of Manitoba -
Treaty 3
Also known as the North-West Angle Treaty to set aside reserves for the Saulteaux and to provide them with various monetary awards/funds. In exchange, the Saulteaux would “cede, release, surrender and yield” all of their rights and title to their land to the Government of Canada. -
Treaty 4
It is also known as the Qu'Appelle treaty. Every three years, chiefs and band leaders were to receive new clothing. Four leaders per band were also to receive $15 a year. The treaty provided resources. Guaranteed Indigenous rights to hunt on all ceded land, except for land used for agriculture, forestry, mining or settlement. -
Treaty 5
It was formed in 1875 between the Ojibwa, Swampy Cree of Lake Winnipeg. Under the terms of the treaty, the Indigenous peoples surrendered the title to their land in exchange for reserve lands, on which they could hunt, trap and fish. The government promised:
to maintain schools on reserves, distribute varying annual payments, additional gifts, including flags, tools, clothing, and medals, as well as money for needed for supplies. -
Treaty 6
Signed by Crown representatives and some Indigenous group leaders. In exchange for Indigenous land, treaty 6 provided: varying payments, schools established in reserves. They also provided more supplies yearly for given prices. There was even a medicine chest stored at the house of the Indian agent on the reserves. -
Treaty 7
This treaty was signed on September 22 1877 by 5 First Nations and was the last treaty made between the crown and First Nations. The treaty covers 130 000 km2. All First Nations kept the right to hunt on the territory and more land. -
Manitoba School Act
The Act took away French as an official language in the province and eliminated state funding for Catholic schools. -
Klondike Gold Rush
Many people migrated to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada when they spotted gold in the area. -
Treaty 8
Signed between the first nations of the lesser slave lake area. Reserves were granted. Additional payments, & more salaries for teachers. Extra cattle or supplies were granted to those who needed them. -
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The Boer War
The Second Boer War was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states. -
Alberta and Saskatchewan Become Provinces
Alberta and Saskatchewan join confederation in 1905 when the two new provinces were created out of a section of the Northwest Territories. -
The Komagata Maru
Japanese steamship Komagata Maru, on which a group of citizens of the British Raj attempted to emigrate to Canada in 1914, but were denied entry and forced to return to Calcutta in India