-
Period: to
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts featuring Napoleon 1 of France against a variety of European powers. -
Period: to
Congress of Vienna
The major powers of Europe met in Vienna to discuss rewriting the map of Europe. -
Napoleon defeated at Waterloo
After returning from exile and resuming control of France, a French force led by Napoleon was defeated by the Seventh Coalition near modern day Belgium. -
Period: to
Greek War of Independence
Spurred by revolutions throughout Europe, Greece sought independence of the Ottoman Empire. They were supported by Russia and other major powers of Europe. -
The July Revolution (1st of 2 major)
This revolution saw the overthrow of King Charles X and the ascent of the "citizen king" Louis-Phillipe. Lasted from the 26th to the 29th of July. -
Liverpool - Manchester railway opens
It was the first railway to rely exclusively on steam power, it launched Britan off into a leading spot in the Industrial Revolution -
Queen Victoria begins her reign in Britain
Queen Victorias reign from 1837-1901 is the longest reign of any other British monarch at 63 years and 7 months -
Period: to
Irish Potato Famine
England forced Ireland to grow one type of potato which was devastated when a blight hit. Over 1 million people died and a million more emigrated from the island. -
Marx and Engels publish "The Communist Manifesto"
The pamphlet by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels is published in England by The Communist League -
Period: to
Revolutions of 1848
Often called the "Spring of Nations". A revolution that started in France to start the Second Republic soon spread across Europe and involved over 50 countries -
Period: to
Crimean War
An invasion of the Ottoman Empire by Russia spurs a conflict pitting Russia vs The Ottomans, British and French. The resulting conflicting is incredibly bloody and wasteful as no nation is prepared for it. -
Bessemer Process invented
It was created by English inventor Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on it in 1856 -
Britain begins rule of India
Called the British Raj, the colonial empire of India lasted from 1858 to 1947 -
Chalres Darwin publishes "The Origin of Species
A work of scientific literature that formed the basis for evolutionary biology. Went against all doctrines of the church and was thus banned. -
Czar Alexander II frees the serfs
Also known as the "Emancipation reform of 1861", Czar Alexander II finally releases the many people trapped in serfdom. He is known as "czar liberator" -
Italy unifies
In 1861 Italy was declared a unified nation state under the Sardinian King Victor Immaneul II. -
Period: to
Austro-Hungarian Empire
A constitutional union between the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary, lasted until its defeat in WWI -
Dynamite Invented
Invented by Alfred Nobel as the first safely manageable explosive stronger than black powder -
Period: to
Franco-Prussian War
A conflict between the Second French Empire and the states of the North German Confederation led by Prussia. Centered on attemps by Prussia to further German unification. -
Germany unifies
Germany officially unifies as the Versaille Palace's Hall of Mirrors where all the German princes met to establish Willhelm of Prussia as Emperor Willhelm of the German Empire -
Czar Alexander II is assassinated
A bomb was thrown at his heavily guarded carriage in a narrow street. -
Period: to
The Berlin Conference
Also known as the Congo Conference, European powers met in Berlin to discuss colonization and trade in Africa. -
Dreyfus convicted of treason
The wrongful conviction of Alfred Dreyfus split France during the 1890s and 1900s.
