-
Period: to
2nd Great Awakening
Baptist and Methodist prominent. circuit riders, disruptive in south bc criticize slavery, -
Period: to
Free Slaves
free slave pop raises from 8% to 13% -
Period: to
Sojourner Truth
walked to freedom in 1826
preacher in perfectionism 1828
The narrative of sojourner Truth / Aint I a woman Speech
black men right to fight for Union Army -
Period: to
Market Revolution
infrastructure (canals) set off gradual transformation from agrarian to capitalist society -
Lyman Beecher
becomes popular Presbyterian minister, social reformer, abolitionist movement, save souls=social reform -
Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin Patent validated
Invented in 1794 transformed the south -
Outlawed import of Africans
-
Period: to
Underground Railroad
vast network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to North US or Canada
travel at night, only knew next stop -
Period: to
Slave forced migration
1 mill slaves forced to migrate to deep south for cotton plantations, brought religion with them from VA -
Period: to
War of 1812
btw England and US over trade blockades, impressment, and crow backing native americans in attempts to thwart westward expansion -
Treaty of Ghent
ratified by congress ending war of 1812 -
Period: to
Frederick Douglas
black abolitionist who escaped bondage at age 20, Lincoln consults, spokesperson for anti slavery, positive -
Period: to
Brothels Popular in Urban areas
500 in NYC -
Mexican Independence
Mexico won independence from Spain -
Santa Fe Trail
from MO through KS to Mexican city of Santa Fe -
Charles Finney
ordained minister, pastor of Female Missionary Society, sermons very structured, inspired others -
Erie Canal Completed
hudson river (Albany) to lake erie (Buffalo) -
New Lebanon Convention
Charles Finney too radical, "New Measures" , women could pray publicly in mixed company -
Mormonisn
Joseph Smith translated golden plates in 1827, 1823 met angel, 1820 1st vision, 1830 publish book of Mormon and est Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Denied legitimacy of govt -
Indian Removal Act of 1830
granted land in present day Oklahoma and Kansas, Cherokee took to supreme court -
Period: to
Zenith
Charles Finney preached 98 sermons used common and vulgar language -
Period: to
Trail of Tears
forced migration of native americans to the west led by General Winfield Scott
14000 march 1200 miles 3000 die -
Period: to
Nat Turners Rebellion
Turner along with 70 armed slaves kill 50-60 whites in uprising that was put down by white militia. Rebellion led VA to enact harsher slave laws- leading many free slaves to head North. -
American Anti Slavery Society
Founded by William Lloyd Garrison, teams up with Grimke sisters in 1839, used mass communication, political campaigns -
Treaty of New Echota 1835
made with minor Cherokee faction but all have to leave and follow -
Transcendentalism
intellectual mvmt started in NE, knowledge from imagination and intuition, not logic and thought
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
Margaret Fuller
Walt Whitman -
Texas Independence
Texas gains independence from Mexico -
only 2000 cherokee move
-
American Slavery as it is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses
Grimke sisters grew up on plantation in SC and wrote about horrors of slavery -
Period: to
Onieda Community
John Humbrey, perfectionism, complex marriage, founded Oneida manufacturing -
Literacy in US
78% of pop can read/write
91% whites can read/write
foundation laid for govt to take over education system -
Women allowed to participate in antislavery movement
explodes -
American and Foreign Anti Slavery Society Formed
offshoot of American Anti Slavery society, did not allow women -
Log Cabin Campaign 1840
Tippacanoe and Tyler too, Harrison first president to actively campaign for office, died after inaugural speech of pneumonia
Tyler accidental president didn't abide by Whig principles -
Dorthea Dix
discovered insane women jailed with men, set out to change, create mental institutions
womens rights and prisoners rights -
Catherine Beecher
Cult of Domesticity- handbook on what women were supposed to do
womens education, founds highschool for young women -
Period: to
Brook Farm
transcendentalist communal experiment, nobody could farm -
Oregon Trail First organized wagon train
established in 1830, 2170 mile trail from MO to OR -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
treaty between English and US settled disputed territory in the north (maine). -
Great Migration
movement of people west via the Oregon Trail -
Brigham Young assumes control of Mormons
get to Utah in 1851, denounced plural marriage to join -
Manifest Destiny
thought that Americans had God-given right to expand from Atlantic to pacific because of population growth -
California declared part of US
Navy Commander john sloat -
Texas Annexation
28th state -
Period: to
Mexican American War
With the annexation of Texas into the US, that Mexico still considers its territory, countries square off after diplomatic US mission attacked -
Battle of Buena VIsta M-A War
declared independence of mexico in October 1845 -
Seneca Fall Convention
first womens rights convention -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
womens rights activist. organizes Seneca falls -
Period: to
Women's Rights Movement
bad timing= eve of civil war, began in Seneca falls
reform movements led women to demand equal rights
slavery big issue for them too -
Gold Discoverd in California
gold strike caused many to move out west -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago
ended Mexican American war -
Period: to
Harriet Tubman
ran away from slavery and returned to help more than 300 slaves escape, reward on head from fugitive slavery law, served during civil war for union -
15 slaved states
Va home to more than half of slave population, as more states form slaves are forced to migrate to deep south for cotton plantations -
James Buchanan Elected
-
Cotton Plantation
with the invention of the cotton gin, cotton becomes most profitable crop and a way of life which differs greatly from the North -
1860 Five states in north allowed African Americans to vote
-
Abraham Lincoln Elected
-
South Carolina Leaves Union
unanimously voted 149-0 -
Period: to
other states leave union
Miss, FL, Ala, GA, LA, TX (only one to do popular vote) -
Confederacy Formed, Jefferson Davis elected
met in Montgomery AL -
Civil War Begins
-
Battle of Fort Sumter
Confederate Attack on Fort Sumter in South Carolina, Maj Robert Anderson surrendered on April 13th to Confederates -
First Battle of Bull Run
first major battle, small tributary of Potomac near Monassas VA, messy disorganized battle, Jackson replenishes Confederate and they win -
Robert E Lee takes comand of Confederate Army
-
1st national income tax passed
-
Battle of Shiloh
aka battle of Pittsburgh landing, Grant led union force on Tennessee river, won after reinforced
23,000 casualties all together -
Second Battle of Bul Run
Lee struck first as Gen Pope was awaiting reinforcement by McClellan , pope forced to withdraw to Washington on the 30th -
Battle of Antietam
Lee idea to split forces and go into PA and MD discovered by McClellan and attacked Lee on Antietam Creek
bloodiest single day of fighting 22,000 casualties
confederates retreated -
Lincolns Emancipation Proclimation executed
-
Womens Loyal National League
est by Elizabeth Cady Stanton so women from north and south could gain political power -
Period: to
Siege of Vicksburg
six week long siege Grant surrounds Pemberton in Vicksburg and captures city after 40 days -
Period: to
Reconstruction
transformation of 11 ex-confederate states by congress following civil war -
Period: to
Battle of Chancellorsville
major battle, Jackson mortally wounded, strategic victory for Lee,
Lee faced Hookers 132,000, divide army with Jackson and attacked Lee won but lost Jackson -
Battle of Gettysburg
turning point of civil war, Meade beats Lee in PA
costly battle 50,000 casualties -
Lincoln reelected
-
Battle of Atlanta
Sherman attacks Bell to seize rail and supple of Atlanta, union won, Sherman burns city to destroy morale of southerners -
Andrew Johnson 17th elected President
took over a month after Lincolns assassination
unapologetic racists from Tenn
Allowed all south to return
pardoned all southerners -
Black Codes Passed in South
codes following civil war that restricted African Americans freedom, forcing them to work for low pay in labor system -
13th amendment ratified
emancipation proclamation did not free all from bondage, therefore congress passed 13th amendment abolished slavery except as a punishment for crime -
Battle of Appomattox Station and Court House
Sheridan faced off against dwindling confederates there for supplies,
Grant 120,000 vs Lee 30,000
Lee surrendered to Grant -
Lincoln Assassinated
at Ford Theater by James Wilkes Booth, died at 722 am April 15th -
13th Amendment Ratified
abolished slavery in the US -
Civil Rights Act of 1866
in response to black codes, prohibited any curtailment of citizens rights -
11th National Women's Rights Convention
met in new York one month after conclusion of civil war, equal rights for ALL, merged with American Anti-slavery Society forming American Equal Rights Association -
First Reconstruction Act passed
dissolved state govt and divided the south into 5 military districs, forced states to ratify 14th amendment -
Congress orders south to let African Americans to vote
begin to see south transform with some republican support and African Americans elected -
14th amendment ratified
all people born in the US are citizens, due process of law, equal protection of all people -
Grant Elected
-
Period: to
Stanton and Anthony encourage women to vote
roughly 700 registered -
15th Amendment ratified
prevents the denial of a citizens vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude -
Period: to
Rise of the KKK
24 klan style murders in the south -
Supreme Court -suffereage not a right garaunteed to all citizens
-
Rutherford B Hayes elected
-
End of Reconstruction
public school system in south, 2,000 African Americans served in offices, however white democrats returned to power