-
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence formally declared the United States' separation from Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence triggered the start of the Revolutionary War between the U.S. and Great Britain. The Declaration declared that they have been misrepresented and that they are being oppressed by a tyrant. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was the purchase of a large tract of land that spanned from Louisiana to present day Montana. The purchase was between the United States and France for 15 million USD (adjusted for inflation) in total. -
Haitian Revolution
One of the few successful slave revolt in the world was led by Toussaint L'Overture. The revolution was sparked by the underrepresentation of the slaves and free slaves as they had little say about the tyranny in the nation. -
Period: to
Janissary Revolt
A series of attempted coups were led by the Janissaries against Mahmud. The reason for the attempted coups was due to the liberal reforms made that were against what the conservative Janissaries believed in. -
Period: to
Latin America Independence
Various nations claimed their independence from European colonies during this time. For example, Venezuela, Columbia, and Ecuador were all nation that gained their independence during this time. One of the most notable revolutionary leaders of this time was Simon Bolivar who helped in many revolutions throughout Latin America. His goal was to unify all of Latin America into a single nation. -
Period: to
War of 1812
The war of 1812 helped unify Canada against U.S. invaders coming in. The anti-U.S. sentiments spread throughout Canada allowed for a sense of unity between French and British Canadians. -
Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act forced eastern natives to move out west of the Mississippi River. The path they took was called the Trail of Tears as thousands of people died on their way west. -
Period: to
Juan Manuel de Rosas
A caudillo that dominated Argentina during this time period, who brought order to Argentina during a time of chaos. He greatly opposed liberal reforms and used his personal army to crush his opposition -
1st Opium War
The war was initiated when Lin Zexu confiscated 20,000 opium crates with Britain retaliating against China causing the war. Britain proved to be superior to China and came out victorious in 1842, forcing China to sign the treaty of Nanjing. -
Period: to
Tanzimat Reforms
Legal and educational reforms that helped reorganize the nation. A notable reform during this time period was in 1869 where free and compulsory primary education was introduced. -
Treaty of Nanjing
An unequal treaty between Britain and China due to the loss by China in the first Opium War. The benefits Britain received was Hong Kong, most-favored nation status, the right to trade opium, and extraterritoriality. -
Period: to
Mexican American War
Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836 and was then annexed by the U.S. in 1945. This resulted in a conflict between Mexico and U.S. between the border, which the U.S. won out and purchased Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, -
Period: to
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping (Great Peace) program was proposed by Hong Xiuquan that called for the end of the Qing Dynasty and wanted radical social changes like putting an end to foot binding. The movement was popular in Southeast China, but ended when they were defeated by foreign and Qing troops. -
Commodore Perry opens Japan
Matthew Perry from the United States arrived at Tokyo Bay and demanded entry into the nation, and being severely outmatched they were forced to open the ports as well as accept unequal treaties with western nations. -
Period: to
Crimean War
A war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire due to Russia's desire of access to the Mediterranean Sea. The European coalition backed the Ottoman Empire leading to them being victorious, forcing the Russian to modernize their military after the defeat. -
Indian Rebellion of 1857
A rebellion against the rule of the British East India Company, and the rebellion started as a mutiny led by sepoys against the company's military. The rebellion posed quite a threat to the company's rule in the region, and soon led to the company's dissolution. -
Period: to
Self-Strengthening Movement
A movement that wanted to blend Chinese customs with European industrial technology, and this caused railroads, shipyards, and foundries to be built. However, this was not very successful as Cixi opposed these changes. -
Emancipation of Serfs
Serfdom was abolished by Alexander II in 1861, and it allowed serfs to own property. However, serfs had no political rights and had to pay a "redemption" tax. -
Period: to
U.S. Civil War
The civil war was initiated with the secession of 11 southern states in response to Abraham's election into office. They seceded due to their dependence on slave labor, and the north wanted to preserve its union as much as it is against slavery. The war ended in favor of the industrial north and the federal government was strengthened. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation promised that at the end of the Civil War that slavery would formally be abolish through all the states. This made the goal of the Civil War for the north to abolish slavery through all the states. -
Dominion of Canada
New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Canada (Quebec and Ontario), all British colonies, formed under a confederation named the Dominion of Canada. -
Meiji Restoration
The Meiji Restoration was a civil war within Japan that led to the nation going under imperial rule once again for the first time in nearly 700 years. The boy emperor Meiji regained power during this time. -
Wounded Knee
A U.S. massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890 that ended the Indian Wars. The massacre led to the death of at least 150 people. -
Hundred Days Reform
A reform in which confucian scholars advised for radical changes in the current imperial system. This was backed by the young emperor Gaungxu who wanted to launch wide-range reforms and a constitutional monarchy. This was not well received by Cixi who crushed the movement by imprisoning the emperor and killing supporters. -
Boxer Rebellion
The local militia in the region were attacking foreigners, which sparked conflict, however the local militia were destroyed by Japanese and European troops. This led to the eventual collapse of the Qing Dynasty in the early 20th century.
