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The Second Great Awakening
The second revival of Protestant spirituality and revival, led by Charles Finney, Lyman Beecher, and Joseph Smith. The results of this awakening were a time of social reform for the better. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana purchase was the purchasing of 828,000 acres of land by Thomas Jefferson from Napoleon. It was bought for $15 million, and created questions of his leadership due to there being no mention about the president's ability to purchase land in the constitution. However, his purchase nearly doubled the size of America. -
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War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a war between the French and the British, with the U.S. joining the French and the British recruiting the Native Americans. It was fought because of the tension between the French and the British over who would dominate Europe and the rest of the world, and the British had been oppressing American seamen, which frustrated Americans into joining the French. It ended with the Treaty of Ghent, which was signed in 1814 and went into effect in 1815. -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, an exchange for legislature that prohibited slavery north of the 36 30 line, except for in Missouri. The Missouri compromise set the tone for the congressional acts prior to the Civil War. -
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Trail of Tears
As part of Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act, the Cherokee and other tribes were forced into Oklahoma by the U.S. army. Throughout the trip, thousands of Native Americans died from sickness and starvation, a direct contradiction of the protection of individual rights. It was a clear indicator of the relationship between Americans and Indians. -
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Texas Rebellion
The Texas Rebellion was the attempt of Texas to declare independence from the Mexican government. It led to many wars between forces led by Sam Houston and Santa Ana, resulting in tragic battles such as the Alamo. The U.S. was hesitant to help for fear of upsetting the Mexican government as well as their balance of slave and free states. It ultimately led to Texan independence. -
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Civil War
The Civil War was caused by differing economic interests, the push against slavery, and the power allowed to the federal government over the states. It was a fight between the Union and Confederate states, and resulted in a Union victory, abolishing slavery. -
Transcontinental Railroad
The Union Pacific Railroad and the Central Pacific Railroad connected at Promontory Point, making commerce available on a enormous scale. -
Invention of the Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, opening up communication on a vast scale and opening up positions in society for women to work as telephone operators. -
Compromise of 1870
The Compromise of 1877 ended the reconstruction era that the Union imposed on the south following the civil war. It was an unwritten deal through which the last troops were pulled from southern states and Hayes was appointed president, leading America into the gilded age.