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Period: Nov 3, 1200 to
Commercial Revolution
The Commercial Revolution was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the late 13th century until the early 18th century. It was succeeded in the mid-18th century by the Industrial Revolution. -
Nov 3, 1529
Ottoman siege of Vienna
The Siege of Vienna in 1529 was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, to capture the city of Vienna, Austria. -
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Consumer Revolution
The term Consumer revolution refers to the period from approximately 1600 to 1750 in England in which there was a marked increase in the consumption and variety of "luxury" goods and products by individuals from different economic and social backgrounds. -
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The Trial of Galileo
The Galileo affair was a sequence of events, beginning around 1610, culminating with the trial and condemnation of Galileo Galilei by the Roman Catholic Inquisition in 1633 for his support of heliocentrism (Italian: il processo a Galileo Galilei). ... Galileo was kept under house arrest until his death in 1642. -
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The Enlightnment
The Age of Enlightenment or simply the Enlightenment or Age of Reason is an era from the 1620s to the 1780s in which cultural and intellectual forces in Western Europe emphasized reason, analysis, and individualism rather than traditional lines of authority. -
Height of Mercantilism in Europe
Mercantilism was an economic theory and practice, mainly in modernized parts of Europe -
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The English Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists over, principally, the manner of England's government -
Reign of Louis XIV
A monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. -
The "Golden Age" of the Netherlands
It was a time period of prosperity for the the Dutch. It was a time for growing economics, military, and everything. -
Thomas Hobbes publishes The Leviathan
A book about the biblical Leviathan by Thomas Hobbs. -
The English Monarchy Restored
King Charles II, the first monarch to rule after the English Restoration. -
Oliver Cromwell’s Navigation Acts
At the same time the mother country compelled English merchants to buy tobacco from the American colonies only. These laws were known as Navigation Acts. Their purpose was to regulate the trade of the empire and to enable the mother country to derive a profit from the colonies which had been planted overseas. -
Test Act in England
The Test Acts were a series of English penal laws that served as a religious test for public office and imposed various civil disabilities on Roman Catholics and nonconformists. -
Reign of Peter the Great
Peter the Great was born Pyotr Alekseyevich on June 9, 1672 in Moscow, Russia. Peter the Great was the 14th child of Czar Alexis by his second wife, Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina. Having ruled jointly with his brother Ivan V from 1682, when Ivan died in 1696, Peter was officially declared Sovereign of all Russia. -
Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War
The Westphalia area of north-western Germany gave its name to the treaty that ended the Thirty Years War. -
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
King Louis said people could not have freedom of religion. -
Newton’s publication of the Principia Mathematica
A book about his views on gravity. -
The “Glorious Revolution”
The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England -
John Locke published Two Treatises of Government
In the first treaty of government he said the government should have all power to make laws, while in his second treaty he said people should only be bound by the laws of nature and not man. -
The Agricultural Revolution
The Agricultural Revolution was a period of technological improvement and increased crop productivity that occurred during the 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe. In this lesson, learn the timeline, causes, effects and major inventions that spurred this shift in production. -
Enclosure Movement
The enclosure movement was this: wealthy farmers bought land from small farmers, then benefited from economies of scale in farming huge tracts of land. The enclosure movement led to improved crop production, such as the rotation of crops. -
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War of Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was the first world war of modern times with theatres of war in Spain, Italy, Germany, Holland, and at sea. Charles II, king of Spain, died in 1700 without an heir. In his will he gave the crown to the French prince Philip of Anjou. -
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Reign of Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria. Maria Theresa, archduchess of Austria, Holy Roman Empress, and queen of Hungary and Bohemia, began her rule in 1740. She was the only woman ruler in the 650 history of the Habsburg dynasty. -
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War of Austrian Succession
The War of the Austrian Succession involved most of the powers of Europe over the question of Maria Theresa's succession to the realms of the House of Habsburg. -
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Reign of Frederick the Great of Prussia
Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great, was Prussia's king from 1740 to 1786. By winning wars and expanding territories, he established Prussia as a strong military power. -
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Seven Years War
It involved every European great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire, spanning five continents, and affected Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. The conflict split Europe into two coalitions, led by the Kingdom of Great Britain on one side and the Kingdom of France on the other. -
Jean Jacques Rousseau publishes The Social Contract
The theory of an implicit social contract holds that by remaining in the territory controlled by some society, which usually has a government, people give consent to join that society and be governed by its government, if any. This consent is what gives legitimacy to such government. -
The Baroque Period in art and music
A type of exaggerated music and art style. -
Diplomatic Revolution
The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 was the reversal of longstanding alliances in Europe between the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War. -
The Rococo Period in art and music
A loving style of art. It the most popular during that time. -
Reign of Catherine the Great of Prussia
Catherine II, often called Catherine the Great, was born on May 2, 1729, in Stettin, Prussia (now Szczecin, Poland), and became the Russian empress in 1762. Under her reign, Russia expanded its territories and modernized, following the lead of Western Europe. -
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American Revolution
The American Revolution was a political upheaval that took place between 1765 and 1783 during which colonists in the Thirteen American Colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy, overthrew the authority of Great Britain, and founded the United States of America. -
First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. Growth in the Russian Empire's power, threatening the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg Austrian Empire, was the primary motive behind this first partition. -
Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations
Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations. As the American Revolution began, a Scottish philosopher started his own economic revolution. In 1776, Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations, probably the most influential book on market economics ever written. -
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French Revolution
After French King Louis XVI was tried and executed on January 21, 1793, war between France and monarchal nations Great Britain and Spain was inevitable. These two powers joined Austria and other European nations in the war against Revolutionary France that had already started in 1791. -
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Reign of Napoleon Bonaparte
Born on the island of Corsica, Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution. After seizing political power in France in a 1799 coup d'état, he crowned himself emperor in 1804. -
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Slave Revolt in Haiti
Haitian Revolution The Haitian Revolution has often been described as the largest and most successful slave rebellion in the Western Hemisphere. Slaves initiated the rebellion in 1791 and by 1803 they had succeeded in ending not just slavery but French control over the colony. -
Mary Wollstonecraft publishes A Vindication on the Rights of Women
Vindication is good, but it can only come after something bad, like being accused of something you didn't do. So women being vindicated to have rights, would be a great thing. -
Edward Jenner’s Smallpox Vaccination
The invention of a vaccination made the epidemic of smallpox go away. -
The Classical Period in art and music
Classical music has a lighter, clearer texture than Baroque music and is less complex. It is mainly homophonic—a clear melody above a subordinate chordal accompaniment. -
Last appearance of Bubonic plague in Western Europe
Bubonic plague is mainly spread by infected fleas from small animals.[1] It may also result from exposure to the body fluids from a dead plague infected animal.[3] In the bubonic form of plague, the bacteria enter through the skin through a flea bite and travel via the lymphatic vessels to a lymph node, causing it to swell. Diagnosis is by finding the bacteria in the blood, sputum, or fluid from lymph nodes.[1] -
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Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna (German: Wiener Kongress) was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814.
