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Chief Justice Roger Taney expressed that a free black man couldn't claim any rights of citizenship under the constitution.
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After Lincoln's death, President Johnson enacted black codes that angered northerners. These laws denied African Americans many of their rights.
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Abolished Slavery and protected the rights of black Americans, but many didn't believe the blacks were Americans.
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Guaranteed citizenship to those of any race, color, or those who were slaves. This would lead to the 14th as many southerners restricted the rights of former slaves.
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Passed through both Congress and Senate, and proposed for ratification against President Johnson's objections.
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Louisiana and South Carolina voted to ratify reaching the 2/3 majority of states. Most southern states resisted ratifing, but were requested to do so if they wanted more Congressional representation.
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Ruled that "separate but equal" laws were constutional under the 14th Amendment leading to years of Jim Crow Laws.
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The ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson violated the 14th Amendment, and the "seperate but equall" laws were found unconstitutional.
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Martin Luther King Jr. fought for change according to the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education
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New Jersey had originally ratified the amendment in 1866, but revoked its vote in 1868. It took over a hundred years for New Jersey to re-ratify the amendment. New Jersey is not the only state to do this. Ohio and Oregon did this as well.
