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800-1300
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Theravada- simplicity- S Asia
Mahayana- rituals, deities, afterlife E Asia
Zen (Ch'an)
Tibetan- Turkic and Mongol- own traditions 300's on continued to split -
from 1300 and 1400s peaked in 1500 and 1850s
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muraqqas
spread to Ottoman Empire and Mughal India
colored illustrations
human-- not realism- idealized version of reality -
porcelain
Journey to the West
monk journey to India
matched vernacular -
Michelangelo and da Vinci
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Dutch Erasmus: In Praise of Folly debate Luther
Thomas More: utopia
Miguel de Cervantes- Don Quixote
Shakespeare -
Portugal; claimed the Azores and Africa W Coast
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Gutenberg
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expansion led by Suleiman the Magnificent- in SE Europe and N Africa
circle of justice- bureaucracy - devshirme- janissaries enslaved Christians
millet system- org non muslims into categories
jizya tax -
preached S tip of Africa, cape of Good Hope; Portugese
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Italian captain to Sp monarchs - Ferd and Isabella - reached bahamas
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coffee- from Afr- 1700s
From am: manioc, corn, potatoes, squash, sweet potatoes, chili, beans, peanuts, tomatoes, tobacco, caco
Sugarcane introduced to Americas
Okra and rice from Africa and wheat, olives, grape, citrus, fruit, grains
malaria from Afr
small pox, measles, influenza burnign of coal and wood fires-- pollution
water mills and wind mills
hunting of whales
quest of furs
fishing
textiles trade expanded
mining for metal -
ruler of Songhai kingdom asserted over Mali faded- control over Timbuktu-
general usurper
centralized power complex bureacracy and Islam
expanded trade merchant class exchanged salt for gold
Epic of Askia mohammad- griot storytellers invaded by Morocco- one N Af state not ruled by Ottomans -
also Carrib- Barbados and Jamaica- sugar
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reached India
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since 1200s- Magna Carta
Henry VII and Elizabeth I shared power with Parliament -
Emerged in carribean mix of W Afr and elements of Christ and NA animal worship "vodum"
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a loved Mary- Mary mother of Jesus with own goddess in Aztecs and Nahuatl
Mexican Catholicism -
Persia rose to power in
Shiite form of Islam
warred with Sunni Ottomans
silks, ceramics, Persian rugs -
1507- Muscat Oman
1510 - Goa
1511- Melaka
Sri Lanka -
mainland to conquistadors
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Catholic hierarchy
Martin Luther
attack on Catholic doctrine
founded Lutheranism
95 theses -
Geneva- stricter Protestants
in France-- Huguenots
Dutch Republic (Reformed Church)
England (Puritans)
Scotland (Presbyterians) -
300k ag landowners and aristocrats in c Eur
food riots -
First African Slaves to New World til 1800s
1000- 1400s
2000- 1500s
325k in 2 centures
1 mill- 1600s
6 mill- 1700s
total: 12.5 mill
37% to Brazil
15% Sp Carrib
5% to Am South
middle passage -
last gifted Sultan of Ottomans lawmaker and ruler
sultan blended secular dictates with Sharia/Islamic law
softened fundamentalist Muslim his successors-- milit efforts went poorly- lost w famines, Habsburg Empire and Safavid Persians- Osman II assas in 1622 -
Tenochtitlan becomes Mexico City- New Spain HQ
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1519-1522
Circumnavigation of globe -
descendent of Genghis Khan Babur invaded Delhi Sultanate
conquered india
from Mongol- mogul- persian word
Muslim turned into a gunpowder empire
transformed zamindars into regional governers
econ boomed bc of cotton trade -
pope gave N and S Am to Spanish and Brazil to Port
1492-1529 -
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maps St Lawrence
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Henry VIII formed
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colonial activity through House of Trade in Seville
coerced labor and encomienda grant system- abolished in 1540
New slavery from Africa/Carrib - 1510s -
revolutionized study of medicine on anatomy
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Nicolas Copernicus wrote
first astronomy book
heliocentric theory proof -
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Index of Forbidden Books
art and architecture for grandeur
St Peters Basilica (1506-1626) -
Spanish priests burned
Mesoamerican codices Aztec preserved-- interhange
Florentine Codex-- written in Nahuatl, Sp, and Latin-- richly illustrated -
culminated with Newton
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gunpowder conquest
religious tolerance
abolished jizya non muslim tax
married Hindu princess grandson Shah Jahan- Taj Mahal-
Indo Persian cultural fusion -
Port had arrived in 1540s
Tokugawa Ieyasu- commander shogun in 1603- great peace
Tokugawa era
Edo moved capital (Tokyo)
caste system was justified by Confucianism
Salaried samurai- bureaucrats and civil servants isolationism- trend from late 1500s
national seclusion policy
foreign access in Nagasaki
Dutch east india company partner- dutch learning
rice prod doubled 1600-1720
urbanized- roads and canals; merchant class -
1577-
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1580-1778
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Taj Mahal Shah Jahan to wife
Red Fort- royal residence -
freed from Sp rule- stadtholder- pres equivalent- shared power with States General
Venice created a similar -
Shah AbbasMosque
Ali Qapu -
also seized, Martinique, St Domingue (Haiti), sugarcane and coffee
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managed relations with S and SE Asia
seized Melaka from Dutch -
Mughal India
Ottoman and Safavid states
around 1500-1600s
had new weaponry -
many provinces seceded in India
Eng built textile factories in Calcutta &Madras
Bombay ceded to British E India Company
Port- Ceylon/sri lanka
Fr- Pondicherry 1750s- Eng won in Seven Years War- Eng turned to India -
one true God
pacifist but when Mughal emperor killed guru
large army- Khalsa-- 30 mill followers -
established
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joint stock
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Ottoman sultans struggled
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emerges in America
Eur textiles, metalware, firarms, gin, rum brought to
Afr West Coast would share gold, ivory, slaves
Americas- for sugar, tobacco, furs, cotton
Africa-- shopped back to Europe -
E India- Indonesia
1621- West India Company to oversee colonies -
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Kabuki theater- acrobats and swordplay
ukiyo-e painting
middle class -
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first successful settlement in New World
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and Comp of New France 1620s
fur trade through LO and Miss river basin and Great Lakes -
New Amsterdam- purchased Manhattan from a tribe; New Amsterdam thrived- 1664-1674, Engl won in Anglo Dutch Wars
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popularized Copernicus's theory
Kepler-- proved elliptical orbits
Galileo-tried and forced to reject science in public -
Istanbul
distract from Ottoman defeats from Persia -
religious and political tensions between the Catholic Habsburg dynasty and the Protestant states of the Holy Roman Empire, which was a loose confederation of German-speaking states.
Defenestration of Prague, in which a group of Bohemian Protestants threw two Habsburg officials out of a window, leading to the Bohemian Revolt against Habsburg rule.
Peace of Westphalia,1648 that recognized the sovereignty of individual states within the Holy Roman Empire and religious tolerance. -
founded MA Bay Colony
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about 1600s massive influx of silver declines Ming empire
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abol grain taxes and redist
Dashing King
brought down Ming dynasty -
King Louis XIV- power and absolute monarch
14th Sun King -
delhi
residence of Mughal Shah Jahan -
execution of king by Parl and led by Purtian Oliver Cromwell. Royal fam came back in 1660- latter overthrew king
-
door to conquest by Manchus
"pure" empire- warlords
S China and Taiwan (Formosa)
Mongolia, Tibet, C Asia
tributary system
enforced ehtnical and strat
traded with Qing nations
Chris banned
Canton all sold tea silk porcelain
trade protectionist few exports -
mid 1600s
Dutch colonists named Boers controlled S Afr
AKA Afrikaners- enslaved peaceful Xhosa - war with Zulu and Eng Port power in E Afr broken
Omani Arabs rose up and expelled port
Port still a presence in Afr -
Russia struggled ongoing
Stenka Razin
Pugachev revolt-shook Catherine the Great -
Akbars great grandson
militant Muslim; declined Mughals fortunes
reimposed tax
Sharia and restrictions
militarized Sikhs put Guru to death
secession of Maratha Empire- W C India -
absolutist monarch
influenced by Fronde who killed his dad (Fr civil war)
centralized, nobles of robe instead of nobles of sword (traditional powerful families)
Versailles palace, largest army and navy
involved in too many wards
worsened bc of debt - caused Fr Revolution in 1700s -
one of Chinas greatest rulers
mandate of heaven
confucianism
respect to authority
appreciated Wests tech aptitude -
to search for Furs in Canada/Fr
indentured servitude and Atl slave trade -
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studying everything from shipbuilding to military tactics, and brought back ideas and technologies to Russia. He also implemented sweeping reforms in areas such as education, government administration, and the military.
St. Petersburg as Russia's new capital, the creation of a strong navy, and the expansion of Russia's borders through military conquest
Table of Ranks- forced Nobles to serve the state -
founded by Osei Tutu
Kongo was a Bantu state
long and coercive partnership with Port conv to Cath, Eur names
favorable trade
defeated fellow Africans and sold to Portugese as slaves sold gold in exchange for gunpower -
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Ottomans last offensive ag Europe- responded by Catholic counter offensive
lost terr to Aus and Russia in 1700s
declined in 1800s -
power of rational thought
John Locke of England- logic and progressive ideas -
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)laws of motion
gravity
system of calculus
Newtonian physics -
gunpowder weaponry and military slavery
he centralized the government, strengthened the military, and expanded the empire's territory, particularly in the Caucasus and the Persian Gulf. He also encouraged trade and commerce and established diplomatic relations with European powers, including England and the Netherlands.
empire fell to famines and plagues in 1700s -
Invited Dutch Prince William of Orange to become King but sign English bill of rights- curtailed monarch and Parliament as dominant political system.
-
system of classification began
-
also took Alaska and Aleutian Islands
1730s-40s
sold to America in 1867
Native Siberians- coerced hunting yasak -
greatest military and political leaders in European history
skilled military strategist and successfully led Prussia through several major conflicts, including the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War.
modernization of the army, the establishment of a state-run education system, and the promotion of religious tolerance. initiated infrastructure projects such as the construction of roads, canals, and public buildings. -
garden in Beijing Qing emperors
-
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Offshoot of Sever Years War
England took Canada from France
French driven down Miss to Louisiana- descendants are Cajuns
Eng troops defeated Mughal allies to French- Eng would colonize India -
true world war
In North America, the conflict was known as the French and Indian War
shifted Canada and Ind to great britain
set into motion Am Rev
involving major European powers and their colonies in North America, India, and elsewhere. The war was fought between two opposing alliances: the British-led coalition of Prussia, Hanover, and several smaller German states, against the French-led coalition of Austria, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and several German states.