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Jul 17, 1453
Battle of Castillon
Charles attacked and reclaimed Normandy. His attacks met little resistance. The English sent a fresh army led by Talbot against Charles, but at the battle of Chatillon the English were decisively defeated and the Hundred Years War came to an end. -
Apr 9, 1454
The treaty of Lodi
Under the term of the Treaty of Lodi hostilities ended between Venice, Milan and Florence. The peace treaty was reached due to the efforts of Pope Nicholas V. -
Jan 1, 1455
War of the Roses Begins
The War of the Roses began in 1455. The war was a civil war between the houses of Lancaster and York. -
Period: Jan 1, 1455 to Jan 1, 1485
War of Roses
The war between the houses of York and Lancaster -
Jan 1, 1456
Cape Verde Islands Discovered
Cape Verde Islands off the African coast near Dakar was discovered by Alivse da Cadamosto who was employed in the service of Henry the Navigator. The islands were soon settled by the Portuguese who began to use it for the slave trade. -
Aug 22, 1461
Battle of Towton Moors-War of Roses
The Royalist who wore red roses to battle were defeated by the Yorkist wearing white roses at the Battle of Towton Moors. The battle which was the bloodiest of the war, resulted in Edward being crowned Edward IV King of England. -
Jan 1, 1471
Kingdom of Anman Founded
Le Thanh-ton leading the Kingdom of Annam captured Vijaya the capital of the Cham, in present day Vietnam. -
May 4, 1471
Battle of Tewkesbury
The War of the Roses continued to wage. Edward married Elizabeth Woodville who had no money or rank. Edward handed out titles and money liberally so much so that he aroused the jealousy of the Earl of Warwick. Warwick arranged the ouster of Edward and the return of King Henry. When Warwick was killed in the battle of Barnet Henry was returned to jail, where he was killed immediately. Margaret, Henry's wife, continued the struggle, but at the Battle of Tewkesbury Margaret's son was killed and she -
Jan 1, 1472
Ivan III The Great's marriage
In 1472 Ivan III- The Great, married the neice of the last Byzantine Emperor. The marriage, which took place ten years into his rule, increased Ivans prestige and helped him unify the various Russian principalities. -
Aug 29, 1475
Treaty of Picquigny
England's Edward IV invaded France in support of the Burgundians. Edward was bought off by a payment and the promise of an annual allowance by Louus XI under the terms of the Treaty of Picquigny. -
Oct 6, 1477
Charles the Bald Killed
The Battle of Nancy is won by Swiss pikement fighting for Louis XI. Charles the Bald, the last of the Burgundy claimants to the throne, is killed in the battle. This effectively ended the incessant battles for the French crown. -
Jan 1, 1479
Treaty of Alcacovas
Under the treaty of Alcacovas Portugal abandoned its claim to the Castillian throne as well as its claim to the Canary Islands. The Spanish recognized the Portuguese primacy in Azores islands as well the North and West African coasts. -
Jan 25, 1480
Treaty of Constantinople
The 15 year war between the Ottomans and Venice ended with the signing of the Treaty of Constantinople. Under the terms of the treaty Venice was forced to cede cities along the Albanian coast to the Ottomans. Furthermore the Venetians were forced to pay for the right to trade in the Black Sea. -
Jan 1, 1485
Botticielli Paints The Birth of Venus
In 1485 The Birth of Venus was painted by Sandor Botticielli in Florence. It was Botticeilli’s most famous work. Botticielli also illustrated Dante’s Divana Commedia and worked on the Sistine Chapel -
Oct 10, 1487
Dias Circles South Africa
Bartholomeu Dias the Portuguese explorer was blown off course and around the Cape of Good Hope. He became the first European explorer to circle Southern Africa. -
Jan 1, 1491
Portuguese in Angola
Portuguese explorers establish an embassy at Mbanza the capital of the Bantu State in the present Angola. The Kongo ruler converts to Catholicism. -
Jan 1, 1492
Columbus Discovers America
In 1492, Columbus set sail from Spain to discover a westward passage to the Orient. His trip was financed by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. On October 12th, after several fearful weeks at sea, Columbus finally set foot on dry land. He landed at San Salvador. -
Jan 1, 1492
Columbus Sets Sails For New World
Isabella, Queen of Spain financed the voyage of Christopher Columbus. His goal was to find a sea route to the Orient by sailing westward. He set sail on August 3, 1492 in his flagship the Santa Maria with 52 men aboard. Also sailing was the smaller Pinta and Nina. On October 12th land is sighted. -
Jul 31, 1492
Jews Driven From Spain
The Jews of Spain were ordered out of Spain by July 31, 1492. Some Jews accept the cross and stayed, while over 100,000 left Spain, many traveling to the Ottoman Empire, while some settled in Portugal. -
Jan 1, 1497
John Cabot Discovers NewFoundland
John Cabot together with his son Sebastian discovered Newfoundland. He claims it for England. -
Jan 1, 1498
Da Vinci paints The Last Supper
In 1498 Leonardo Da Vinci painted his most famous mural, The Last Supper. The mural depicts the last meal of Christ before being incarcerated. -
May 20, 1498
Vasco de Gama Sails to India
Vasco De Gama, the Portuguese explorer, arrived in India. He established a trading post, thus creating a new trade route between Europe and the East. -
Jun 24, 1498
Cabot Claims North America For Great Britain
On June 24th, John Cabot, sailing on behalf of King Henry of England, sighted the coast of New Foundland. He claimed lands for England.