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Indian Appropriations Act
This act would forcibly move Indians into a reservation system. They would be provided with sufficient funds needed to move and also sufficient farming land in hopes that would stay there and not decide to move. This was enacted in order to create more land for white settlers when a large migration had started to move westward. However, as a result of moving Indians into a confined area, they were unable to be nomadic in living and grew angry, causing later issues. -
Period: to
Transforming the West
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Green Backs
Hard money is coin money and soft money is paper money. Greenbacks were government backed currency that was used to finance the civil war. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act provided that Treasury notes could be redeemed in either gold or silver as well as have the Treasury purchase a set amount of silver each month at market rate. The increased supply of silver drove down the prices and drove holders to redeem their notes. -
Transcontinental Railroad
On 1862, the companies of Pacific Railroad, Central Pacific, and Union Pacific, had joined together in order to build a railroad that would stretch from the West of the United States to the East. Challenges faced such as finding enough labor workers or mountains would delay the production of the railroad. However, seven years later, the Transcontinental Railroad had been finished building on May 10, 1869. -
The Pullman Strike
The Pullman Strike was a large strike that had been started by the railroad workers on of the industry. This strike would put business on halt until the matter had been settled. As a result of this large impact on the economics of the government, the president, Grover Cleveland had ordered troops of the army to come and effectively stop the strikes. Thus, stopping the riots and continuing the work force and economy. -
Red River War
The Red River War was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874 to remove the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory. these battles would be located around the Red River in Louisiana, which is where it got its name from. -
Period: to
Becoming an Industrial Power
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Klondlike Gold Rush
Gold was beginning to be a very metal and hard to find in the United States. Especially after the gold rush in California, gold was seemingly non-existent in the United States. So, when gold was found in Canada, news spread and people from all over the United States had flocked towards Canada in hopes of making a great amount of wealth like those in the California Gold Rush. However, with so a long journey and a low chance of gaining wealth, many only failed and came back in worse conditions. -
Working Conditions in Industrial Period
Work life during this time period was very dangerous and harsh for workers. Workers would be faced with low wages and a minimal amount of safety regulations inside of their work place. As a result, many would be injured or killed while working. Workers were seen as easily replaceable and just as tools for factories and companies. During this time period, children would also be a part of the work force, working as younger than 15 years old. -
Social Gospel Movement
The Social Gospel Movement was a religious movement that would lead people to have the idea that with good labor work, leads to salvation for you in the afterlife. The movement was also about doing good deeds for others as a way to heaven. This would lead people to create housing that was for the homeless and poor, unfortunate people in order to better themselves as a way to heaven. -
Cowboys
Cowboys were men who had played a major role in the short lived success of the cattle drive. They were the ones who were responsible of taking cattle from the western regions towards the East. In return, they would receive a great amount of payment. However, with the invention of barbed wire, it would quickly end the cattle drive and lead cowboys to Rodeo. Iconic and unique in their image, cowboys are generally stereotyped to be seen as horse riders with cowboy boots, a hat, and button up shirt. -
Laissez Faire
Liassez Faire was a popular economic system in which the government would have no influence over the economic system of the people. Private companies wouldn't be disrupted by the government through the form of required regulations, subsidies, etc. The job of the government for supporters of this system, was that they only needed to make sure that the government maintained civil order and justice. This would become the basis for a free market economy for the United States. -
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Cornelius Vanderbilt was a millionaire, a philanthropist, and was a part of the shipping/railroad industry. He was firstly inside of the steamboat industry, creating the largest steamboat operators in the United States. However, later on in his career, Cornelius Vanderbilt would then go into railroad production and create a railroad that would stretch from Chicago to New York City. As a result, would greatly benefit cities around the railroad and give reduced cost and cheaper products. -
Battle of Little Big Horn
Commanded by General George Custer, the U.S army and the 7th Calvary are dispatched to Montana to confront the Indians there. The issue that had lead to this confrontation was because of the Indians not moving into their reservations after the deadline. Custer however, had greatly underestimated the huge numbers that the Indians were in. As a result of this, Custer and his army were outnumbered and quickly fell. This battle would also be known as "Custer's Last Stand". -
Boss Tweed
Boss Tweed was a machine boss leader of the Tammany Hall organization inside of New York City. Being a political machine boss, he bought the votes of people and corrupted the government politics. Tweed would eventually face criticism after being exposed to his works by the The New York Times magazine. As a result, the Tammany Hall organization would essentially fall and stop Boss Tweed's political machine. -
Period: to
The Gilded Age
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Light Bulb
Created by Thomas Edison, the light bulb would become one of the many great inventions during this industrial growth period. The idea of creating this light source came to many scientist, but many of which failed to accurately make it work properly in the intended way. Until of course Edison would become to accurately make it, a light bulb that could produce light for 1200 hours. These bulbs would then be sold in masses through his electric company, the Edison Electric Light Company. -
Knights of Labor
This organization was a group that worked for a more cooperative form of economy instead of a competitive one that had the wealthy businesses always essentially controlling it and being on top. They also wanted to reform work places and make them into more suitable areas for workers. Changes wanted include, higher pay and a income tax. This group would also be open to any person with no matter to race and would flourish in numbers later in years. -
Horizontal Integration
A business technique used monopolist such as John Deere Rockefeller. This technique would consist of companies working and joining together in order to consolidate and create a monopoly of a product. By using this system, people like Rockefeller became wealthy very quickly. This technique could be seen as a opposite to the vertical integration, which is based on a company making everything on their own without the need for other outside companies. -
Slums
The slums were very overpopulated areas of the city which were poorly kept, unsanitary, and visually horrific. Many of the areas were filled with trash on the streets, sewage was in terrible condition, drinking water was disgusting, overall a bad experience for all living there. Most would also live inside of tenements that would house these people, but these would also show no difference than to the streets seen outside of them. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first restricted immigration law implemented by the United States. This essentially stop all immigrant Chinese workers from migrating into the United States. The cause for this act was because of the amount of jobs being taken by Chinese workers. As a result of this, Americans had passed the law in order to stop Chinese workers from taking anymore jobs and to help prevent economic issues for American people. -
Pendleton Act
The Pendleton Act was a United States federal act in 1883 that would cause the federal positions inside of the government to be rewarded instead of being handed to them. Obtaining a job would then be changed into how well a person was able to perform based on test or skills shown. Thus, this act would effectively stop the spoils system and change politics on a large scale. Many politicians however, would become enraged against this act and would go against it. -
World's Columbian Exposition 1893
The World's Columbian Exposition 1893 was a celebration of the 400th anniversary for the arrival of Christopher Columbus onto the New World in 1492. This event would also be seen as a showcase for the new products and inventions that many people were creating at the time. New architectural forms of buildings, art, and different cultures were able to collide with each other and be seen in a new way. -
Buffalo Bill Wild West Show
Created by William F. Cody, the Buffalo Bill Wild West Show was the first ever Rodeo created. Starting out as the "Wild West, Rocky Mountain and Prairie Exhibition", Cody was realize that many would come to watch and enjoy his shows to great extent. As a result, Cody decided to continue these shows up to four years later. These shows would be displays of the West portrayed in different ways than from how it actually was back then. -
Hay-Market Riot
This riot was a direct result from the killing of the strikers at the Hay-market Square. On this day, riots would come and plan to take revenge on the government for the killings. Around 300 police would come to stop the riot, leaving 7 people dead afterwards. This event would cause a step backwards for labor organizations who were trying to get better improvement inside of their work places. -
Dawes Severalty Act
Also known as the General Allotment act, this act would split/get rid of the reservations held by Native Americans and essentially force them to assimilate to American culture. Indians were given land to practice farming instead of nomadic ways of living and they went to school where they were taught English and were forced to stop speaking their native language. This act however, would later eventually be abolished by Franklin Roosevelt in 1934. -
City Reform
After seeing some of the tragedies occuring around the city the government was able to make some changes that would help the cities and the city people. Issues such as criminal activity, sanitation, leisure, and education would be addressed in different ways. Police forces were formed to stop criminals, sanitation inside of slums began to start and help clean the streets of these areas, and parks were formed in order to help give citizens leisure inside of the cities. -
Period: to
Imperialism
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Trust were beginning to been negatively hurting the economy and unfair for the common people. Trust would be done in order to greatly benefit the rich and wealthy companies, allowing them to stay on top of the economy and essentially controlling it. As a result, the Sherman Anti-Trust Act was enacted to stop this. However, enforcing this act would have some issues against big time companies. Thus, more laws were formed in a effort to once again stop these big time companies. -
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism was used in this time period as a way to justify racial supremacy. In this case, for this time period, it was a way to justify the wealthy white supremacist and their higher status against lower groups such as blacks. They had believed that they were biologically superior to them based on the laws of nature and the idea of their wealth was compared to the idea of "survival of the fittest". -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was a steel monopolist with the ability to create a large amount of cheap steel, using the newly invented Bessemer Process. He was able to become a wealthy businessman and also a philanthropist. With the new way to create steel at faster speeds and reduced price, Carnegie was able to allow for creations of new things that would change the United States. Cars, large buildings, and railroads would all become possible structures able to be built thanks to Carnegie's steel start. -
Sanford Dole
Sanford Dole would become the president of Hawaii after staging a coup to overthrow the Hawaiian monarch Queen Liliuokalani. The coup would contain American sugar planters that were on the Hawaiian island at the time. Then, on February 17, Minister John would then recognized Dole's government and his authority. It would later be annexed into the United States on 1959 as the 50th state to enter the United States of America. -
Period: to
Progressive Era
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Election of 1896
The Election of 1896 was between the presidential candidates, William McKinley of the the Republican party, and William J. Bryan of the Democrat-Populist Party. McKinley would win both the electoral votes and populist votes, winning the election. McKinley would have a primary focus on business/economy of the government and gained a large amount support because of it from the Northern regions of the United States that contained factories and companies. -
Technology during Imperialism
Technology had began to grow and allow for a better economy for the United States. Faster steel ships were being built, which allowed for more transportation over waters for goods and navy power. This would be thanks to the beginning use of steam power to quicken travel by a great amount. Communication inventions were also being built that would greatly help news be spread at a quicker pace. As a result of these inventions, we were able to spread and communicate faster as a whole. -
The U.S.S Maine Incident
The U.S.S Maine was a battleship sent to Cuba in order to protect the Americans there. However, on February 15, the U.S.S Maine blows up without any warnings. As a result, the blame would be on Spain for the explosion and soon cause war against them. This blame would also be heavily exposed by news papers and also persuade readers to also blame the Spanish for the explosion. However, many decades later, it would be believed that the cause for the explosion was an structural issue of the ship. -
Treaty of Paris (1898)
Treaty of Paris of 1898 would be the treaty that would effectively end the Spanish-American War. This treaty would also grant the United States acquired territories such as from Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Although, the Philippines was more sold over than given to the United States for free. We would need to pay $20 million in order to buy the Philippines, but this would also cause some resistance of United States ownership for those living there. -
Philippine-American War
The first shot began in manila on February 4,1899. The Americans have push north into the central Luzon Plain, and which led Filipino General Emilio Aguinaldo to retreat in the inaccessible northern mountains. The Americans gain significant control of Philippines and retained possession of the island in 1946. 20,000 Filipino troops were killed, more than 200,000 civilians perish as the result of combat, hunger or disease. And 1,500 Americans we're killed, but in total of 4,300 was lost. -
President McKinley
President William McKinley had first served as a United States congressman and as the governor of Ohio. He faced William Jennings Bryan during the Election of 1900. He victory over his opponent was easily won and made him the 25th president of the United States. McKinley would steer the United States into a series of other foreign affairs causing issues and a war against Spain over Cuban independence issues. -
Teddy Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt is prominent in being known as one of the youngest presidents of the United States, a trust buster, good heated, and friendly. His main focus while as president of the United States was to makes sure that the public's interest were being heard and replied with actions. He played a major role in imperialism of Latin American territories as well as the creation of the Panama Canal. -
Booker T Washington
Booker T Washington was a prominent Black American leader. He was a educator, a reformer, and had made a great effort in order to help Blacks receive equality. His method however, would one that would be a long-term system. His idea of reaching equality was to have Blacks accept discrimination for the time being, then grow economically. This would forcibly cause Whites to see Blacks as equals, thus granting Blacks social equality. -
W.E.B Dubois
W.E.B Dubois was a socialist leader for the Black American community. He, like Booker T. Washington, wanted social equality for Black Americans. However, he wanted to achieve this goal at a quicker pace and a much more forceful one. Dubois idea to achieve this equality was to put Blacks inside of the elite jobs of the time. Such as professors, doctors, etc. Dubois would also be the founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, or NAACP. -
Dollar Diplomacy
Created by President William Howard Taft, the Dollar Diplomacy was a policy meant to help ensure financial stability of a foreign area, while also granting protection for the United States to commercialize and grow financial interests in other areas. However, this policy would face only failure and eventually be dismissed in 1912. Afterwards however, Woodrow Wilson would then recreate this policy with Latin America to maintain American power there. -
Panama Canal
Continuing on from the French construction in the 1880's, the Panama Canal would be continued by the united States in 1904 under the presidency of President Roosevelt. The canal would cross from the isthmus of Panama to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and allow for the nourishment of water ports there. The canal would use a series of lock canals that would change the water elevations to allow ships to traverse going upwards and downwards. -
Muckrakers
Muckrakers were reporters who would expose injustices and corruption in established institutions. In an effort to raise awareness caused groups of people who urged for social and economic reform during the Progressive Era. Many of the photos and articles written were sensationalized in order to increase circulation. President Theodore Roosevelt coined the term muckrakers for their ability to rake up muck. -
Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair was a socialist who began to see and describe the horrific findings he had seen at meat factories. He would describe these findings inside of her book "The Jungle", which describes factories as disgusting rat-infested factories with deteriorated, old foods unsuitable for eating. As a result of her book, many would find about the factories and thus, eventually enacting the pure food and drug act. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
The Pure Food and Drug Act was enacted in order to stop and prevent the horrible conditions of food, drugs, medicines, and liquor that were being sold off. This act was largely a reaction due to Upton Sinclair's book, "The Jungle", and his writing about the horrific findings he saw inside of factories.This act would also be enacted along side with the Meat Inspection Act which would essentially do the same thing and make sure the meats being sold were in good conditions. -
Angel Island
Angel Island was an island located at the San Francisco Bay area. This island was used essentially as a immigration station for the Chinese coming to immigrate. Angel island was seen as a much worse and harsher version of Ellis island located in New York. Angel island was seen as more of a prison island with numerous amount of questioning and time needed for immigrants to get through. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford was the inventor of the Model T car. This new vehicle would be the start of a new motor revolution that would be based off of affordable and reliable in use. To accomplish this task, Henry Ford would implement the assembly line work system, interchangeable parts, and have strict rules on workers to make sure they were capable of doing work. These techniques would then allow many people to own a vehicle and lead to road building and a bigger economy. -
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson would become the 28th president of the United States. Wilson would be the president that guides the United States through World War I from 1914-1918. Wilson had wanted to stay neutral during the war, but would eventually have to declare war on Germany on 1917, effectively entering the war. He would also promote the start of the League of Nations, win the Nobel Peace Prize, and the Federal Reserves act. -
Neutral Power
Whom were the neutral powers during World War I? They are Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Venezuela, Swede, Argentina, Chile and Switzerland. These are the only neutral countries of the Great War 1914-1918. The rest of the world was at war with each other. But the Americans tried to remain neutral during the war. However, it entered the war which side to the Allied Powers on April 6, 1917 when it declared war on Germany. 4.3 million American troops were mobilized during the war. -
Trench Warfare
War during World War 1 was long and bloody. The method that they used was trench warfare. Which were holes that both sides dig and slowly begin to make their way across No mans land" to win against the other side. These trenches were needed in order to avoid the machine guns that were being used at the time. As a result, battles would last a very long time and would lead to countless deaths due to neither side really being able to make an advancement. -
Period: to
World War 1
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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Franz Ferdinand was the Archduke of Austria-Este. On June 28,1914, Franz Ferdinand would visit the good-will mission in Sarajevo. At which, a member of the Black Hand, a Serbian terrorist group, would kill him. His murderer would be Gavrilo Princip. The cause for his assassination was because Serbians viewed Austrians as oppressors, and taking out Franz Ferdinand was a large blow to Austrians. However, Franz Ferdinand's death would then lead as the biggest reason for the start of WWI. -
Allied Powers
They were divided into two main groups: the Triple Entente, comprised of France, Great Britain, and Russia (up until in 1917 was drop because of Russian Revolution). To counterweight to the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (who joined the Allies in the war). The main allies in the beginning of the war and throughout most of it contributed most of the manpower and supplies for the war. -
Weapons during WWI
With the start of a new war, new weapons were also being used inside of battle and the battle field. For instance, barbed wire and trenches were being used/built in order to provide themselves with protection. New weapons such as the mustard gas, machine guns, and tanks would also be created during this time and cause tremendous amount of destruction against both armies. These new weapons would often leave both sides at a stalemate with lots of blood shed. -
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan is an White organization that promotes their own supremacy and denounces other people such as African Americans, immigrants, and Jews. They would be revived on 1915 as a result of white Protestant Nativists. The organization would receive many members during its time and gain approximately 4 million people. However, after the Great Depression, the group would quickly die out and quickly disband. -
Great Migration
The Great Migration was the movement of Black American people from the South to other cities in the North or West of the United States. The reasoning for leaving the South was due to the Jim Crow segregation laws that were taking place and causing African American people to face large amount of discrimination. As an answer, they sought to go towards areas of prominent industry work, in hopes to gain a better life economically and socially. -
Zimmerman Telegram
This Telegram was a message sent to a Mexican officials, proposing an alliance with Germany in the situation that the United States and Germany go to war. The telegram was sent by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman. These telegrams would also be deciphered by the British causing the United States public opinions to be angered and eventually causing them to go to war. -
American Expeditionary Force
The American Expeditionary Force was a group of extremely well trained soldiers. These men would then be sent into France under the command of General :John Joseph Pershing. With the assistance of these soldiers inside of battle, especially at those of trench warfare, the Americans were able to control the flow of combat and victory. -
Spanish Flu
The Spanish flue attacks the respiratory system and is highly contagious, transmitting between individuals through cough, sneeze and through air. The Spanish Flu killed an estimated amount of 20 million to 50 million people worldwide. An estimated amount of 675,000 Americans died from the Spanish Flu.Quarantines and masks were used to limit the spread of the flu. It was called the Spanish Flu because Spain was impacted the most. -
14 points
The fourteen points, was a statement given by Woodrow Wilson for congress. The main ideas that were listed inside of Woodrow Wilson's statement contained the main premise of trying to maintain peace after the war. Wilson had wanted to establish the League of Nations to better communicate with each other and prevent any more future wars. He also pointed out to make the punishments against Germany less harsh so that revenge won't be an issue later on in the years. -
Henry Cabot Lodge
Henry Cabot Lodge was an American Republican congressman. He had attended Harvard University and was a chairman of the Senate Foreign relations Committee. During his time as chairman, he was a strong advocate in making sure that the United States do not join the League of Nations. His reasoning was so that they could protect the sovereignty of the United States and not get too much involved inside of other countries issues. -
Alcohol
Alcohol was a big movement during the progressive era. Women of all around had wanted the banning of alcohol in order to prevent more beatings that would occur from drunk men. Women such as Francis Willard or Carrie A. Nation would be widely known in the temperance movement. Eventually, the 18th amendment would be passed which would ban the consumption and production of alcohol. However, this would then cause corruption and gangs to form, causing issues for citizens. -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles would be the document that would effectively end World War 1. The treaty contained harsh and embarrassing punishments towards Germany by blaming the cause of the war on them and also making them lose their army. This however, was against Woodrow Wilson's 14 points. To make peace with each nation and prevent wars. As a result, this treaty's punishments will spark revenge in the Germans and eventually cause the second World War. -
Volstead Act
The Volstead Act was written and enacted to help stop alcohol consumption and production. The goal of the act was to provide enforcement in making sure that alcohol wasn't being made nor sold. So in other words, it was to help enforce the 18th amendment that banned alcohol. The act's original name was the National Prohibition Act, but was later nicknamed after a advocate for temperance, Andrew Volstead. -
Car- Pollution
Automobile and auto-centered transport system on the American environment has been enormous.To manufacturing process to the junkyard,cars-and all motorized vehicles for that matter-consume resources; polluted the air land and water;and transformed space. Making automobile requires plenty of different varies of materials. Oil business was booming which lead to more polluted areas.While as scrapped vehicles required spaces and unsafe air.Lastly, factories emitted black smoke smoke into the air. -
The Lost Generation
The lost generation were used to refer to the group of men and women who came of age during or soon after World War I. Gertrude Stein was credited for coining the term. They were often saw as cynical, disillusioned and emotional unstable due to the war. Writers such as Ernest Hemingway and T.S. Eliot were considered writers and poets of the lost generation. Writers felt as though the values and morality of America could no longer be repaired. -
Leisure in 1920's
During the 1920's many changes began to occur along side with new inventions once again. Such as, washing machines, vacuums, etc. As a result, people received more leisure time to do what they had wanted for entertainment. So, new inventions such as radios or silent film movies were made that greatly kept people always entertained by something. Whether it was about a baseball game on the radio, or a comedy silent film in theaters, people found ways to entertain themselves. -
Period: to
1920's
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19th Amendment
19th Amendment would grant women the right to vote and ending their suffrage. Starting since the time of 1848, at the Seneca Falls Convention, women have been working towards the suffrage movement in order to gain their rights to vote. Popular suffragette women who would be seen as leaders of this movement included, Susan B. Anthony, Stone, Julia Ward Howe, and many more. -
Susan B. Anthony
Women suffrage was the term given to unequal treatment of women. Susan B. Anthony founded the Woman Suffrage Association in 1869 where she would give speeches around the country to encourage other women to support women's rights. She voted in the 1872 presidential election illegally and was arrested with a fine of $100. She passed away during 1906. During 1979, the U.S. Treasury Department put her portrait on the one dollar coin. -
Harlem Renaissance
This was a cultural movement involving Black American culture. This would run through the 1910's till the mid-1930's. This movement would promote new cultures such as Jazz music, literature, stage performance and in art cultures as well. This would also promote new cultures inside of White Culture and influence them to take similar cultures of the Harlem Renaissance. -
Immigration Act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924 was done by President Calvin Coolidge in order to reduce the amount of immigrants coming into the United States. The law was enacted in order to reduce the number of unskilled workers coming in. The only allowed immigrants that would be granted permission would be those with skills and a good education. This allowed for immigration from more prominent countries such as Britain, Ireland, etc. -
Theory of Evolution
Theory of Evolution was a largely debated topic during the 1920's. Some people believed in the religious ideas that they were taught with Adam and Eve. Others had believed that we all evolved as monkeys and what we are today. This debate would eventually lead to court in the Copes Monkey Trial, that would decide that teaching evolution would be illegal. The person who would be charged is John Scopes, a science teacher. -
Charles Lindberg St. Louis Flight
Charles Lindberg, was the first American pilot to ever cross the Atlantic ocean without stopping and while being alone. His plane's name being the Spirit of St. Louis. Charles Lindberg flight about be completed while he was at the age of 25 and he would receive a $25,000 prize. Along with his flight, people would become interested in flying a plane. Thus, Charles Lindberg St. Louis Flight would also be a start to more flying for people every where. -
Huey Long
Huey Long was a Louisiana governor and U.S senator. He is known for his promises of a radical redistribution of wealth. Long advocated for free higher education and healthcare. His organization was the Share-Our-Wealth clubs that held the slogan "Every Man a King" and Long developed a large following. They were in the process of running for the presidency, but was killed by his political opponent's son-in-law. -
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Hoover was the 31st president during 1929, right before the Great Depression. Hoover was blamed for the the resulting depression as well as failing to address it. Hoover worried about the severity of government intervention had on capitalism and felt that assistance should be handled locally. He attempted to stimulate the economy as well and introduced new programs in an effort to relief. Critics portrayed Hoover as uncaring of American suffering during this time. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
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Black Tuesday
On October 29, 1929, the roaring stock market experienced a severe downturn and the day became known as "Black Tuesday". The banks bought shares of stocks to bring back investor faith, but they instead saw this as a warning sign of worse to come. Large numbers of people began pulling out their money from banks in cash called "Bank Runs". Banks had to liquidate their loans and this lead to bank failures. -
Father Charles Coughlin
Father Charles Coughlin was a priest who had a radio show that frequently talked about economic and politics views as well as religion. A once supporter of Roosevelt, he became on of the president's harshest critics. Coughlin coined the term social justice and had anti-capitalism and anti-Semitic viewpoints. The core of his message were of economic populism, a redistribution of political power and economic dominance from the greedy corrupt in favor of empowering the common people. -
Great Depression in the U.S
The worst economic crisis in the nation's history. More than a quarter of the work force was unemployed.In which it was a one of the defining experiences of the nation. Franklin D.Roosevelt's Progressive movement program put Americans back to work began to reshape the public's attitude toward government.And focused new attention on the plight of workers, women racial minorities, children,and other groups.However, only the mobilization that followed America's entry to WWII ended the Depression. -
Bank Holiday/Glass-Stegall Act
After president Roosevelt entered office, he declared a bank holiday to be enacted from March 6 to March 10 where banking transactions were to be suspended. Congress passed the Emergency Banking Act which granted the president the power through the Treasury Department to open solvent banks and assist those who were not. Glass Stegall Reform Act was passed eventually which guaranteed that the federal government would refund up to $2500 stored in banks in case the bank were to collapse. -
21st Amendment
The Twenty-first Amendment officially repealed federal prohibition and gave states leeway in their regulations of alcohol between and in state borders. Franklin Roosevelt signed the Cullen-Harrison Act which amended the prohibition. The amendment is the first to repeal another amendment, 18th amendment established prohibition, and used state conventions to ratify is instead of legislature of states. -
The New Deal
The New Deal was made by Franklin D. Roosevelt and were a bundle of plans made in order to bring economic relief as well as reforms in industry, agriculture, finance, water power, labor and housing. In his first 100 days in office Roosevelt enacted a number of different Acts to be "capitalism with safety nets and subsidies". Roosevelt would make speeches by radio in terms the average american could understand and these became known as fireside chats. -
Securities Exchange Act/Social Security Act
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 formed the Securities Exchange Commission in order to oversee the trade of stocks, bonds, securities in the secondary market. It holds the power to lead investigations into potential violations in order to ensure financial transparency.
Social Security Act was created as a old-age pension plan with payment coming through employer and employee earnings. A payroll tax that adjusted with inflation was put in place in order to finance the aging population. -
The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was the name given to southeastern plains due to the numerous dust storms began blowing through the regions. The dust storms destroyed crops and killed livestock as well as people. The dust bowls caused farming family to move and look for work elsewhere. The government established projects like the Soil Erosion Service and Prairie States Forestry Project in an effort to give former farmers jobs. -
Neutrality Acts
During 1935, President Roosevelt singed the Neutrality Act which required American vessels to own a license to carry arms. This was created in order to deter the sailing of ships from hostile nations and prevent any further involvement into World War II. Cash and carry was a policy that replaced the Neutrality Acts and allowed the sale of material to belligerents assuming they pay in cash and carry the arranged goods. -
Supreme Court Packing
Supreme Court Packing was the term given to President Roosevelt's plan to expand the Supreme Court judges. Roosevelt hoped that by expanding the judges, his New Deal would be easier to pass. Time has passed and the supreme court judges realized that Roosevelt's regulations were in order, so the plan to expand the court judges were no longer required. The proposal was struck down by a vote of 70 to 22. -
Period: to
World War 2
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Invasion of Poland
Hilter invaded Polad with his troops, confident that Britian and France would continue their policy of appeasement and broker a peace deal. Basically the decision to invade Poland was a gamble. Which result in a short, victorious war for two important reasons. First, was to convince the deployment of the world's first armoured corps and to weaken the indecisive leaders who opt for a peace settlement rather than war. -
Industry during Wartimes
Rosie the Riveter was a motivational imaged aimed at recruiting women to enter the labor force while men found in World War II. President Roosevelt issued wage and prices controls during a state of emergency. Regulations were put into place for the hiring and firing of workers. War gardens was the encouragement of Americans to produce their own food in times of war in order to free up transportation systems. Support of american collaboration was important during this time period. -
Operation Sealion
Operation Sealion was a map detailing how Nazi Germany were going to invade Britain. Hitler gave Britain time to consider being allies, but instead they used the time to stockpile ammunition and their defenses. After realizing that peace would not come Hitler prepared to issue Operation Sealion in action. Problems with the weather conditions and complications of British naval and air superiority were clear. On September 17, Hitler cancelled Operation Sealion. -
Navajo Code Talkers
the code talkers were not weapons or combat soldiers in the conventional sense. Rather they were brought into the military for only one purpose. Into which, became a new cryptographic code that proved unbreakable for decades. They've used this to create secret messages into the European theater, but the main important code talkers where primarily base in the Pacific to whom it had the greatest impact. -
Battle- Philippine Sea
The fierce battle of the Americans and Japanese ships as a last carrier battle of World War II. America desire was to advance to the Marinas. But the Japanese Navy has successfully tried to stop the Americans from advancing. Both sides fought hard and neither one did not give up. After several strategies and planning. The battle of the Philippine Sea was a overwhelming victory for the Americans. Thousands of planes and and hundreds of pilots were either killed or have gone missing. -
V-E Day
VE which stands for Victory in Europe of May 8, 1945. Great Britain and the United states celebrated the defeat of the Nazi war machine. The Russians took approximately 2 millions prisoners in period just before and after the Germans surrendered. When German troops throughout Europe finally laid down their arms: In Prague, Germans surrendered to their Soviet antagonists, after later had lost more than 8,000 soldiers. Unfortunately V-E day was not celebrated until the ninth in Moscow. -
Fat Man Bomb
This was the second plutonium bomb that was drop after its "Little boy" back in the Trinity site in New Mexico Desert on July 16,1945. This bomb weight 10,800 lbs; Length of 10ft 8in; 10 times the efficiecy of the "Little boy"; Explosive force of 21,000 tons of TNT. This plutonium bomb was drop at Japan city of Nagasaki; August 9, 1945. The Aircraft carrier was delivered by a B12 which pilot name was Major Charles Sweeney. Given orders to drop the weapon by Cdr. Frederick Ashworth -
Little Boy Bomb
A gun-type device of mass destruction filled with uranium which is fried trough a gun barrel at a uranium target. This bomb was the first nuclear weapon used in a war. The weight was 9,700 lb and Height of 10 ft. Explosive force was similar to 15,000 tons of TNT. Dropped on Japanese city of Hiroshima; August 6, 1945. Was delivered by a B-19 Enola Gay piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets. This made a immense impact leading to the "Fat man Bomb" that will 3 days later. -
Homestead Act
The Homestead Act was enacted with the purpose of trying to get settlers to move into the west. The once who passed this act was Abraham Lincoln. The act would grant those who went west 160 acres of land. However, setters would need to pay a fee and needed to be a resident of the land for 5 years before taking complete ownership. Another important fact from this act, was that anyone including freed slaves, were able to take up this land.
